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Multiple Choice
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1

The reform movements of the first half of the nineteenth century reflected which of the following impulses:
A)an optimistic faith in human nature.
B)a rational view of man and his ability.
C)a desire for control and order.
D)both a and c.
2

The most important and popular American painters of the early nineteenth century:
A)painted scenes of carefully cultivated landscapes.
B)favored portraits of Revolutionary War heroes.
C)considered untamed nature the best source of spiritual inspiration.
D)had a different philosophy from Emerson and Thoreau.
3

The first great American novelist was:
A)Walt Whitman.
B)James Fenimore Cooper.
C)Herman Melville.
D)Ralph Waldo Emerson.
4

Transcendentalists believed that:
A)"understanding" was more important than "reason."
B)man should repress instinct and strive for externally imposed learning.
C)each individual should strive to "transcend" the limits of intellect and allow emotions to create an "original relation to the universe."
D)individuals should avoid anything that would bring one too close to the natural world.
5

In his essay "Resistance to Civil Government," Henry David Thoreau claimed an individual should:
A)not pay poll taxes.
B)refuse to obey unjust laws.
C)live in isolation and as simply as possible.
D)reject the artificial constraints of government.
6

American utopians:
A)attracted tens of thousands of followers during the antebellum period.
B)had a consistent supporter in Nathaniel Hawthorne.
C)operated primarily in the South.
D)struggled to meet both individual needs and the demands of the communal society.
7

The Oneida Community:
A)advocated "free love" to redefine gender roles.
B)called for celibacy and attracted members of conversion.
C)believed it liberated women from the demands of male "lust" and from traditional bonds of family.
D)was widely accepted and had almost no critics.
8

Like other experiments in social organization of this era, Mormonism reflected:
A)a strong antislavery bias.
B)a celebration of individual liberty.
C)a desire to improve the status of women.
D)a belief in human perfectibility.
9

Evangelical Protestantism added major strength to which of the following reforms:
A)temperance.
B)education and rehabilitation.
C)women's rights.
D)peace.
10

Each of the following was an example of new ideas about health in this era EXCEPT:
A)phrenology
B)water cures
C)reforms promulgated by city health boards to cure epidemics.
D)dietary theories.
11

The emphasis on educational reform was consistent with the spirit of the age because it:
A)focused on the unleashing of individual talents.
B)stressed educational equality.
C)focused on external learning.
D)stressed the importance of community.
12

The creation of asylums:
A)was only for the mentally ill.
B)was only for criminals.
C)attempted to rehabilitate "unfit" people into useful citizens.
D)was simply an attempt to curb the abuses of the old methods of dealing with the poor and the ill.
13

Indian removal:
A)was primarily created to help the Indians.
B)was opposed by Indian advocate Andrew Jackson.
C)was based partly on the belief that Indians could be assimilated into the larger society.
D)led to an increase in the nation's Indian population.
14

As women in various reform movements confronted the problems they faced in a male- dominated society, they responded by:
A)withdrawing from the movements.
B)accepting the notion that men and women were assigned separate "spheres" in society.
C)focusing their attention on religious matters.
D)setting in motion the first important feminist movement.
15

Which of the following groups was most involved in the feminist movement?
A)Baptists.
B)Quakers.
C)Mormons.
D)Shakers.
16

The "burned-over district" was a region of upstate New York prone to religious revivals because of:
A)efficient transportation provided by the Erie Canal for traveling evangelists.
B)the disorientation of residents caused by profound social and economic changes.
C)the significant number of utopian communities in the vicinity.
D)the location there of the headquarters for the Mormon Church.
17

Educational reformers intended public schools to perform all of the following roles except to:
A)extend and protect democracy.
B)raise questions and criticisms of authority.
C)expand individual opportunities.
D)inculcate values of thrift, order, discipline, and punctuality.
18

After 1830, which of the following reform movements began to overshadow the others:
A)antislavery.
B)women's rights.
C)temperance.
D)education.
19

The most noted black abolitionist of the day was:
A)Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B)William Lloyd Garrison.
C)Frederick Douglass.
D)Joseph Smith.
20

Opponents of abolitionism in the North believed:
A)abolitionists were dangerous radicals.
B)the movement would lead to a war between North and South.
C)the movement would lead to a great influx of free blacks into the North.
D)all the above.
21

Immediate abolition gradually accomplished was the slogan of:
A)moderate antislavery forces.
B)Garrison and his followers.
C)southern antislavery planters.
D)black abolitionists.
22

Personal liberty laws:
A)allowed masters to claim slaves who ran away to the North.
B)freed slaves who escaped to states in the Old Northwest.
C)forbade state officials to assist in the capture and return of runaways.
D)outlawed the interstate slave trade.
23

The movement that advocated keeping slavery out of the territories was known as the:
A)personal liberty movement.
B)free-soil movement.
C)John Brown Brigade.
D)Garrison solution.
24

Throughout the North, black Americans:
A)enjoyed full access to education and most career opportunities.
B)voted and held government jobs proportionate to their numbers.
C)defended their freedom and responded eagerly to the cause of abolitionism.
D)earned a decent standard of living.
25

The creation of "asylums" for social deviants was an effort to:
A)punish the inmates.
B)get the deviants out of society.
C)reform and rehabilitate the inmates.
D)cut down the cost of crime and punishment.





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