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1 | |
White arrivals to the West in the post-Civil War era found all of the following ethnic and racial groups already living there EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Asians |
| | B) | freed slaves |
| | C) | French |
| | D) | Mexicans |
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2 | |
Because the area was arid to semiarid and thought to be unfit for anglo-European civilization, many nineteenth-century Americans called the Far West the: |
| | A) | Trans-Mississippi Wasteland. |
| | B) | Intermountain Barrens. |
| | C) | Prairie Wilderness. |
| | D) | Great American Desert. |
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3 | |
Indian Territory, to which several eastern Indian tribes including the Cherokees and Creeks were removed, is now the state of: |
| | A) | South Dakota. |
| | B) | Kansas. |
| | C) | Oklahoma. |
| | D) | Wyoming. |
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4 | |
Which of the following best represents the "caste system" that prevailed in the American Southwest before the arrival of Anglo-European settlement? (highest status first) |
| | A) | Pueblos, Spanish/Mexicans, Apaches/Navajos |
| | B) | Apaches/Navajos, Pueblos, Spanish/Mexicans |
| | C) | Spanish/Mexicans, Pueblos, Apaches/Navajos |
| | D) | Spanish/Mexicans, Apaches/Navajos, Pueblos |
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5 | |
What northern Plains Indian nation was the strongest? |
| | A) | Comanche |
| | B) | Sioux |
| | C) | Pawnee |
| | D) | Blackfeet |
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6 | |
The groups of local businessmen and politicians who had Washington connections and who dominated the government of New Mexico and other territories were often called |
| | A) | range bosses. |
| | B) | territorial rings. |
| | C) | ranch kings. |
| | D) | capitol cowboys. |
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7 | |
What happened to the californios who dominated California prior to the gold rush of 1849? |
| | A) | Most died due to epidemic diseases brought in by the miners. |
| | B) | The ones who could speak English adapted well and continued to dominate real estate ownership. |
| | C) | Most emigrated back to Mexico or Arizona. |
| | D) | Many lost status and land and were excluded from the prosperity of the statehood period. |
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8 | |
Which of the following was not a reason for Anglo-American resentment of Chinese immigrants? |
| | A) | They tended to congregate together and maintain Chinese culture. |
| | B) | Some secret societies ("tongs") engaged in crime. |
| | C) | Many of the early female Chinese immigrants had been sold into prostitution. |
| | D) | The Chinese were perceived as lazy slackers who would not work hard. |
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9 | |
Most of the new migrants from the East were: |
| | A) | freed blacks. |
| | B) | European immigrants. |
| | C) | from the poorest classes of Eastern cities: |
| | D) | from the working and middle classes of the Eastern Untied States. |
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10 | |
Which of the following was NOT a flaw in the Homestead Act? |
| | A) | One hundred sixty acres was not enough land in the West. |
| | B) | The law did not provide capital for machines and the like. |
| | C) | The land was too costly for most settlers. |
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11 | |
Labor in the West: |
| | A) | was plentiful with all the new arrivals. |
| | B) | offered excellent job security. |
| | C) | often pitted workers of different races against each other. |
| | D) | made it easy for owners of businesses to expand their operations. |
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12 | |
Which type of mining came first as new fields opened? |
| | A) | placer (pan) |
| | B) | quartz (lode) |
| | C) | strip (open pit) |
| | D) | hydrolic (water pressure) |
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13 | |
Which of the following states/territories did not experience significant mining development from the 1850s to 1880s? |
| | A) | Nevada |
| | B) | Colorado |
| | C) | Kansas |
| | D) | South Dakota |
| | E) | Montana |
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14 | |
The "long drive" in the open-range cattle industry referred to the process of: |
| | A) | rounding up the cattle from great distances all over the range for branding in the spring. |
| | B) | moving the cattle south to Texas in the winter and north to Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana in the spring to take advantage of the best pasture. |
| | C) | using cattle as oxen to pull covered wagons for settlers seeking homesteads in the West. |
| | D) | herding cattle from the ranges in Texas and other remote areas to the nearest accessible railroad loading point so that the cattle could be shipped to slaughterhouses in the East. |
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15 | |
What group constituted most of the cowboys in the open range era? |
| | A) | southern whites and Hispanics. |
| | B) | Native Americans and southern whites. |
| | C) | African Americans and Hispanics. |
| | D) | Hispanics and Native Americans. |
| | E) | Chinese and southern whites. |
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16 | |
The historian who influenced many with his paper on "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" was: |
| | A) | Oliver Wendell Holmes. |
| | B) | C. W. McCune. |
| | C) | Albert Bierstadt. |
| | D) | Frederick Jackson Turner. |
| | E) | Charles A. Beard. |
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17 | |
The Wild West shows: |
| | A) | presented an accurate depiction of Western life. |
| | B) | were not very popular with American audiences. |
| | C) | featured Buffalo Bill Cody, who had never actually worked in the West. |
| | D) | incorporated Indians into the entertainment. |
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18 | |
The federal government agency vested with management of Indian relations and the reservations was the: |
| | A) | Indian Lands Commission. |
| | B) | Native American Administration. |
| | C) | Office of Assimilation and Concentration. |
| | D) | Bureau of Indian Affairs. |
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19 | |
Who were the two principal Indian chiefs who led the forces that massed in the northern plains in 1875-1876 following the Black Hills gold rush? |
| | A) | Black Kettle and Red Eagle. |
| | B) | Sitting Bull and Geronimo. |
| | C) | Crazy Horse and Geronimo. |
| | D) | Geronimo and Red Eagle. |
| | E) | Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. |
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20 | |
The fighting at Wounded Knee: |
| | A) | resulted in an Indian victory. |
| | B) | turned into a massacre of Indians, including women and children. |
| | C) | was Custer's redemption after the Battle of Little Big Horn. |
| | D) | was started by a sneak attack by the Sioux on the Seventh Cavalry. |
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21 | |
The purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was to: |
| | A) | weaken tribes, allot land to individual Indians, and promote assimilation. |
| | B) | geographically disperse the reservations so it would be more difficult for Indian warrior forces to unite. |
| | C) | increase tribal loyalty and reduce violence by allowing chiefs and tribal councils to act autonomously on the reservations. |
| | D) | restore economic viability to the nomadic way of Plains Indian life by revitalizing the bison herds. |
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22 | |
Construction of the early transcontinental railroad lines was financed mainly by: |
| | A) | European investors excited about the developing American West. |
| | B) | Wall Street investors with close ties to cattle and mining interests. |
| | C) | small investors such as farmers and local merchants who wanted to attract rail lines to their communities. |
| | D) | government subsidies in the form of favorable loans and land grants. |
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23 | |
What fencing material revolutionized agriculture on the prairies and plains? |
| | A) | split rails. |
| | B) | chain link. |
| | C) | pickets. |
| | D) | barbed wire. |
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24 | |
By the end of the century, agriculture on the Great Plains was increasingly: |
| | A) | subsistence in nature. |
| | B) | commercially oriented. |
| | C) | truck farming. |
| | D) | being displaced by industry. |
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25 | |
Which of the following are listed in the text as farmers' three principal grievances? |
| | A) | high interest rates, inequitable freight rates and inadequate currency. |
| | B) | high interest rates, persistent production shortfalls and poor-quality farm machinery produced by American factories. |
| | C) | inadequate currency, persistent production shortfalls and poor-quality farm machinery produced by American factories. |
| | D) | poor-quality farm machinery produced by American factories, inequitable freight rates and inadequate currency. |
| | E) | high interest rates, inequitable freight rates and poor-quality farm machinery produced by American factories. |
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