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1 | |
Which of the following population trends occurred in the United States from 1860 to 1910? |
| | A) | Gradual decline of the rural population in absolute numbers. |
| | B) | Shift of the majority of the urban population from central city to suburbs. |
| | C) | Significant shift of the population from the North to the South. |
| | D) | Faster rate of growth for the cities than for the general population. |
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2 | |
Because of rapid growth in the latter nineteenth century, American cities: |
| | A) | protected traditional social and cultural values. |
| | B) | provided services and facilities inadequate to demands. |
| | C) | witnessed the flight of factories and corporate offices to newer, less crowded locations. |
| | D) | supported efficient and honest governments. |
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3 | |
American urban population growth from 1860 to 1910 resulted mainly from a(n): |
| | A) | low rate of infant mortality. |
| | B) | increasing fertility rate. |
| | C) | low death rate from disease. |
| | D) | large influx of new residentsimmigrants. |
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4 | |
The large-scale movement of African Americans from the rural South to industrial cities began during the latter nineteenth century mainly because of the: |
| | A) | poverty and oppression of the South. |
| | B) | prospective professional opportunities in the cities. |
| | C) | abundance of factory jobs there for African Americans. |
| | D) | absence of racial discrimination in the North. |
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5 | |
The new immigrants of the latter nineteenth century settled primarily in eastern industrial cities because they: |
| | A) | lacked the capital to buy land and begin farming in the West. |
| | B) | found immediate employment as unskilled factory workers. |
| | C) | found refuge and camaraderie among fellow nationals there. |
| | D) | did all of the above. |
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6 | |
The formation of ethnic neighborhoods by immigrants in American cities: |
| | A) | tended to reinforce the cultural values of their previous societies. |
| | B) | resulted primarily from discriminatory zoning restrictions. |
| | C) | prevented their identification with, and advancement in, American society. |
| | D) | intensified a sense of not belonging to a coherent community. |
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7 | |
Nativist reaction against European immigrants of the latter nineteenth century resulted from all of the following factors except the: |
| | A) | arrival of such vast numbers of immigrants. |
| | B) | refusal of most immigrants and their children to attempt to assimilate themselves into American culture. |
| | C) | generalized fears of, and prejudices against, foreigners. |
| | D) | economic concern that immigrant workers would threaten the wages and positions of American workers. |
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8 | |
Which of the following groups were excluded from immigration to the United States by laws passed in the 1880s and 1890s? |
| | A) | Chinese |
| | B) | convicts, illiterates, paupers, and mental incompetents |
| | C) | Irish |
| | D) | None of the above |
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9 | |
The Immigration Restriction League: |
| | A) | blamed foreigners for all the disorder and corruption of the urban world. |
| | B) | advocated the screening of immigrants through literacy tests. |
| | C) | adopted crude theories of conspiracy and a stance of rabid xenophobia. |
| | D) | enlisted the support of President Grover Cleveland for their proposals. |
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10 | |
The majority of big-city residents in latter- nineteenth-century America: |
| | A) | could afford their own houses, thanks to the availability of cheap labor and low building costs. |
| | B) | took advantage of less expensive lands on the edges of the city and settled in suburbs. |
| | C) | stayed in the city centers and rented living space. |
| | D) | exacted high standards from urban landlords. |
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11 | |
Most wealthy urban residents: |
| | A) | lived on the edge of the city to keep distance between them and the urban poor. |
| | B) | lived in new "fashionable districts" in the heart of the city. |
| | C) | lived in the new suburbs and took the streetcars into the city. |
| | D) | built homes at a distance from the city to take advantage of the cleaner air and commuted on the railroads. |
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12 | |
By the 1890s, a million New Yorkers lived in tenements, which were: |
| | A) | slum dwellings with inadequate light, plumbing, and heat. |
| | B) | helping relieve and disperse population growth. |
| | C) | rental buildings designed for single-family residences. |
| | D) | transformed by state laws into model housing units for the poor. |
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13 | |
New forms of urban transportation during this era included |
| | A) | horse-drawn streetcars. |
| | B) | elevated railroads. |
| | C) | commuter ferries. |
| | D) | gasoline-powered buses. |
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14 | |
What late nineteenth-century technological developments made "skyscrapers" practical? |
| | A) | electric elevators and air conditioning |
| | B) | air conditioning and steel girder construction |
| | C) | concrete and electric elevators |
| | D) | steel girder construction and electric elevators |
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15 | |
Each of the following cities suffered through a major fire during this era EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Boston |
| | B) | Philadelphia |
| | C) | Chicago |
| | D) | San Francisco |
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16 | |
Urban poverty was: |
| | A) | was greatly relieved by the Salvation Army. |
| | B) | was significantly eased by the generosity of the middle class. |
| | C) | was not viewed as a structural problem during this era. |
| | D) | was eased by the open-minded charity work of Protestant philanthropists. |
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17 | |
The most famous and notorious city "boss" of the late nineteenth century was: |
| | A) | Louis Sullivan. |
| | B) | Theodore Dreiser. |
| | C) | John A. Roebling. |
| | D) | William M. Tweed. |
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18 | |
The political machines of the bosses were able to retain power for all of the following reasons except: |
| | A) | immigrant voters were more concerned with receiving services than with middle-class standards of political morality. |
| | B) | some wealthy and influential citizens profited from dealings with the bosses. |
| | C) | city government structure often had structural weaknesses that kept it from meeting citizen needs. |
| | D) | the absence of reform groups to mobilize public outrage against boss rule. |
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19 | |
Which of the following was not NOT a trend contributing to the rise of mass consumption in the latter nineteenth century? |
| | A) | The emergence of ready-made clothing as a basis of the American wardrobe. |
| | B) | The breakup of marketing monopolies held by national chain stores. |
| | C) | The development of canned food and refrigerated railroad cars. |
| | D) | The emergence of large department stores and mail-order houses. |
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20 | |
Each of the following spectator sports increased in popularity during this era EXCEPT: |
| | A) | baseball |
| | B) | football |
| | C) | boxing |
| | D) | hockey |
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21 | |
Vaudeville shows were composed of: |
| | A) | traveling dramatists who performed Shakespeare and other classic plays in small towns and cites. |
| | B) | a variety of acts including musicians, singers, comedians, magicians, jugglers, dancers, and the like. |
| | C) | a mixture of primitive motion pictures with music by a small live orchestra. |
| | D) | gypsies and other unsavory characters who used the shows to attract crowds to sell patent medicines and other fraudulent products. |
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22 | |
The emergence of national press services in the latter nineteenth century contributed most significantly to: |
| | A) | increased salaries for reporters. |
| | B) | standardization of the news. |
| | C) | separation of news from opinions. |
| | D) | a professional identity for American journalists. |
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23 | |
The theory of evolution: |
| | A) | supported traditional American beliefs about the nature of man and history. |
| | B) | met uniform resistance from middle-class Protestant religious leaders. |
| | C) | gained greater acceptance in rural areas than in urban areas. |
| | D) | influenced new ways of thinking in the social sciences. |
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24 | |
According to the philosophy of pragmatism, modern society, for guidance, should primarily rely on: |
| | A) | inherited ideals. |
| | B) | scientific inquiry. |
| | C) | moral principles. |
| | D) | religious beliefs. |
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25 | |
Which of the following trends in American education did not take place in the latter nineteenth century? |
| | A) | The spread of universal free public education. |
| | B) | Passage by states of compulsory attendance laws. |
| | C) | Rapid proliferation of colleges across the nation. |
| | D) | Increased emphasis on the classical curriculum at the university level. |
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