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1 | |
The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allowed for: |
| | A) | prohibition of the sale and distribution of all alcoholic beverages. |
| | B) | the right of women to vote. |
| | C) | direct election of senators. |
| | D) | a national income tax. |
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2 | |
As a reformer, Theodore Roosevelt: |
| | A) | rebelled against the leaders of his party. |
| | B) | became an advocate of radical change. |
| | C) | became an advocate of cautious, moderate change. |
| | D) | became an opponent of Progressive reform. |
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3 | |
The outcome of the government's case against the Northern Securities Company in 1904 was that: |
| | A) | Theodore Roosevelt gave up the attempt to bust the trusts. |
| | B) | this railroad monopoly was ordered to be dissolved. |
| | C) | the Sherman Antitrust Act was declared unconstitutional. |
| | D) | the Sherman Antitrust Act was ruled inapplicable in this case. |
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4 | |
The expression "square deal," as used by Theodore Roosevelt, meant that the federal government would: |
| | A) | combat racial injustice. |
| | B) | provide jobs for everyone. |
| | C) | be favorable to labor unions. |
| | D) | treat all interests impartially. |
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5 | |
With respect to government-controlled public lands, Roosevelt generally favored: |
| | A) | absolute preservation in their natural states. |
| | B) | leasing for unrestricted private exploitation. |
| | C) | conservation with carefully managed development. |
| | D) | outright sale to private developers who could use the land in any way they wished. |
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6 | |
The central issue in the Pinchot-Ballinger controversy was: |
| | A) | the tariff. |
| | B) | conservation. |
| | C) | trust busting. |
| | D) | the right of labor to bargain collectively. |
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7 | |
George Perkins Marsh claimed that trees did all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | damage the surrounding farmland. |
| | B) | prevent erosion. |
| | C) | provide access to lumber and fuel |
| | D) | stabilize the flow of water in natural springs and streams. |
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8 | |
The New Nationalism of Theodore Roosevelt called for: |
| | A) | strengthening the regulatory powers of the federal government. |
| | B) | returning to the laissez-faire principles of the late nineteenth century. |
| | C) | investing the states with the largest responsibility for controlling the trusts and regulating industry. |
| | D) | a vigorous program of trust busting to restore free competition and thus obviate the need for government regulation. |
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9 | |
President Taft: |
| | A) | was able to maintain the support of both the progressive and conservative wings of the Republican party. |
| | B) | actively worked to push lower tariff rates through a reluctant Congress. |
| | C) | had difficulty gaining election to the White House, even as Roosevelt's handpicked successor. |
| | D) | left office as the most decisively defeated president of the twentieth century. |
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10 | |
The New Freedom of Woodrow Wilson called for: |
| | A) | strengthening regulatory powers of the federal government. |
| | B) | returning to laissez-faire principles of the late nineteenth century. |
| | C) | investing the states with large responsibility for controlling trusts and regulating industry. |
| | D) | a vigorous program of trust busting to restore free competition. |
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11 | |
In the election of 1912, the Progressive party was known by the nickname: |
| | A) | Bull Mmoose. |
| | B) | Half-breed. |
| | C) | Mugwump. |
| | D) | teddy bear. |
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12 | |
The effect of the Progressive Party's entrance into the presidential election of 1912 was to: |
| | A) | make no difference whatsoever in the outcome. |
| | B) | split the Republican vote and allow the Democrat to win. |
| | C) | split the Democratic vote and allow the Republican to win. |
| | D) | prevent any of the three parties from gaining a majority in the electoral college. |
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13 | |
The Underwood-Simmons tariff, one of the first major pieces of legislation passed in Wilson's administration, was significant in that it: |
| | A) | was passed over the president's veto. |
| | B) | caused a major split in the Democratic party. |
| | C) | substantially lowered the tariff and enacted an income tax. |
| | D) | actually raised average rates, although called a reform measure. |
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14 | |
An important feature of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was that it: |
| | A) | made the recurrence of a major depression impossible. |
| | B) | provided for a more elastic currency in the form of Federal Reserve notes. |
| | C) | required all banks in the nation to become members of the Federal Reserve system. |
| | D) | established a central bank in which individuals could safely deposit their savings. |
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15 | |
One of the most important functions of the Federal Trade Commission was to: |
| | A) | bust trusts. |
| | B) | promote American exports. |
| | C) | guarantee the rights of labor. |
| | D) | regulate businesses and prevent unfair trade practices. |
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16 | |
Although Wilson had campaigned in 1912 on the principles of the New Freedom, in practice his first term went far toward enacting key principles of the: |
| | A) | New Deal. |
| | B) | New Nationalism. |
| | C) | western conservationists. |
| | D) | Republican Old Guard. |
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17 | |
In 1916, Congress passed the Keating-Owen Act to regulate child labor. Congress attempted to justify this legislation under its power to: |
| | A) | tax. |
| | B) | promote the general welfare. |
| | C) | regulate interstate commerce. |
| | D) | protect the health and safety of all citizens. |
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18 | |
Theodore Roosevelt's mediation was important at the Portsmouth peace conference of 1905, which: |
| | A) | ended the Sino-Japanese War. |
| | B) | ended the Russo-Japanese War. |
| | C) | settled the Franco-German dispute over Morocco. |
| | D) | settled the Venezuela boundary dispute with Great Britain. |
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19 | |
The aphorism "Speak softly and carry a big stick" was used by Roosevelt in reference to his: |
| | A) | foreign policy. |
| | B) | policy toward labor unions. |
| | C) | technique when on safari in Africa. |
| | D) | political strategy toward the Democrats. |
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20 | |
Roosevelt based his distinction between "civilized" and "uncivilized" countries on: |
| | A) | race alone. |
| | B) | economic development alone. |
| | C) | both race and economic development. |
| | D) | both race and military development. |
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21 | |
The main purpose of the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was to: |
| | A) | renounce the use of military force in Latin America. |
| | B) | provide legal grounds for the extension of America's colonial empire in Latin America. |
| | C) | justify U.S. military intervention in Latin America if necessary to forestall interference by European nations. |
| | D) | provide a timetable for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Caribbean islands. |
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22 | |
When Panamanian rebels started a revolt against the government of Colombia in 1903, the United States: |
| | A) | remained strictly neutral. |
| | B) | intervened on the side of Colombia. |
| | C) | intervened on the side of the rebels. |
| | D) | called for a meeting of the Pan-American Union. |
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23 | |
William Howard Taft's policy of encouraging private American investments in underdeveloped regions of the world was given what label by some commentators? |
| | A) | Dollar Diplomacy |
| | B) | Missionary Diplomacy |
| | C) | The White Man's Burden |
| | D) | The Good Neighbor Policy |
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24 | |
Wilson refused to recognize the regime of Victoriano Huerta in Mexico because: |
| | A) | he disapproved of its action in murdering political opponents. |
| | B) | it would have been politically unpopular in the United States. |
| | C) | he feared it was too leftist and would nationalize U.S. investments. |
| | D) | he considered it a rebel government in exile, not the legitimate government. |
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25 | |
The result of the American military expeditions into Mexico in 1914 and 1916 was to: |
| | A) | drive out German influence. |
| | B) | remove a dictator and restore democracy. |
| | C) | embitter U.S.-Mexican relations for several years. |
| | D) | lead to more than a decade of occupation by the U.S. Army. |
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