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1 | |
Which was not a source of Soviet bitterness toward the United States in the period before the outbreak of World War II? The United States: |
| | A) | opposed the Bolshevik revolution that created the Soviet Union. |
| | B) | refused to have any economic contact with the Soviet Union in the 1930s. |
| | C) | refused to extend diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union government until 1933. |
| | D) | sent troops into the Soviet Union toward the end of World War I. |
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2 | |
Which of the following was the most important source of Soviet resentment about Allied conduct of World War II? |
| | A) | The slowness of the Allies in opening a major second front. |
| | B) | The fact that Russia was not invited to the Casablanca Conference. |
| | C) | The refusal of the United States to include Russia in the lend lease program. |
| | D) | The refusal of the United States to have any official dealing with a communist government. |
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3 | |
An important reason why Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed at Casablanca (1943) to demand unconditional surrender of the Axis powers was to: |
| | A) | hasten the end of the war. |
| | B) | destroy the morale of the Axis powers. |
| | C) | encourage the Italians to split with Germany. |
| | D) | reassure the Russians that they would not be left abandoned to fight on alone. |
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4 | |
At Yalta (1945), the Soviet Union gained territorial concessions in Asia in return for agreeing to: |
| | A) | join the United Nations. |
| | B) | enter the war against Japan. |
| | C) | give up reparations from Germany. |
| | D) | give up claims to Polish territory. |
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5 | |
With respect to the countries of Europe liberated from Nazi control, the Yalta Conference provided for: |
| | A) | permanent Soviet occupation. |
| | B) | a system of United Nations mandates. |
| | C) | interim governments and subsequent free elections. |
| | D) | the withdrawal of the Red Army and immediate self-government. |
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6 | |
In his interpretation of the Cold War, historian William Appleman Williams: |
| | A) | reinforced the official American interpretation that aggressive Soviet policies of expansion had caused the Cold War. |
| | B) | argued that the American efforts to expand their capitalist markets overseas caused the Cold War. |
| | C) | argued that the Soviets' deep-seated paranoia caused the Cold War. |
| | D) | attempted to strike a balance and identify areas of blame on both sides of the Cold War. |
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7 | |
President Truman's initial approach to negotiating with the Soviets: |
| | A) | mirrored that of President Roosevelt. |
| | B) | resulted in a diplomatic victory at Potsdam. |
| | C) | was followed by significant American concessions at Potsdam. |
| | D) | placed him in conflict with Winston Churchill. |
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8 | |
When it became evident that Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist forces were losing the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong's communists, the Truman administration devoted increased attention to the revitalization of what nation as a strong pro-Western force in Asia? |
| | A) | India |
| | B) | Indonesia |
| | C) | Japan |
| | D) | The Philippines |
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9 | |
The concept of the policy of containment was most closely associated with: |
| | A) | Douglas MacArthur. |
| | B) | George F. Kennan. |
| | C) | George C. Marshall. |
| | D) | Henry A. Wallace. |
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10 | |
The Truman Doctrine was initially promulgated in conjunction with U.S. assistance against Soviet pressures in: |
| | A) | Egypt. |
| | B) | Latin America. |
| | C) | Western Europe. |
| | D) | Greece and Turkey. |
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11 | |
The result of the Marshall Plan aid to the countries of Western Europe was that: |
| | A) | the recipient nations underwent a remarkable economic recovery. |
| | B) | communist influence actually increased in the countries receiving the aid. |
| | C) | the United States economy was nearly bankrupted by this giveaway program. |
| | D) | the recipient nations engaged in bitter competition with one another to gain the largest share of the aid. |
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12 | |
Three of the following were significant features of the National Security Act of 1947. Which is the exception? |
| | A) | It established the CIA. |
| | B) | It abolished the Joint Chiefs of Staff. |
| | C) | It created the National Security Council. |
| | D) | It combined the functions of secretary of war and secretary of navy under one secretary of defense. |
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13 | |
Truman's response to the Berlin blockade was to: |
| | A) | abandon the Western-occupied portions of Berlin. |
| | B) | airlift all necessary supplies into Berlin for almost a year. |
| | C) | give up plans for uniting the three Western zones of Germany. |
| | D) | use military force to break the blockade of land routes into Berlin. |
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14 | |
The NATO agreement (1949) required that every member must: |
| | A) | consider an attack on one as an attack on all. |
| | B) | refer all cases of armed aggression to the United Nations. |
| | C) | confer with one another in case of an attack on any member. |
| | D) | do none of the above. |
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15 | |
Following their defeat in 1949 by the Chinese communists under Mao, Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist followers: |
| | A) | were executed. |
| | B) | were imprisoned. |
| | C) | fled to Thailand (Burma.. |
| | D) | fled to the island of Formosa (Taiwan). |
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16 | |
Which of the following is not an accurate explanation of why the United States avoided the general economic collapse that many feared would occur in 1946/1947 following the end of World War II? |
| | A) | A multi-billion dollar tax cut. |
| | B) | The release of pent-up civilian consumer demand. |
| | C) | Significant government spending for veterans' benefits. |
| | D) | Military spending remained almost at wartime levels due to the Cold War. |
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17 | |
Truman's domestic social and economic program after World War II was known as the: |
| | A) | Fair Deal. |
| | B) | Square Deal. |
| | C) | New Frontier. |
| | D) | New Deal Revisited. |
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18 | |
The significance of the midterm elections of 1946 was that: |
| | A) | Truman's domestic policy won a vote of confidence. |
| | B) | the voting public demanded more radical governmental reforms. |
| | C) | the Republicans won control of both the House and the Senate. |
| | D) | in a political upset, the Democrats regained control of both the House and the Senate. |
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19 | |
Truman's position on the Taft-Hartley Act was favorable to: |
| | A) | farming. |
| | B) | big business. |
| | C) | organized labor. |
| | D) | southern conservatives. |
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20 | |
In 1948, Strom Thurmond and the "Dixiecrats" opposed Truman's policy on _________, whereas Henry A. Wallace and the Progressives opposed Truman's _________ policy. |
| | A) | civil rights, confrontational Cold War |
| | B) | the Cold War, aggressive civil rights |
| | C) | economic reconversion, the Social Security system |
| | D) | the Social Security system, economic reconversion |
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21 | |
After the election of 1948, Truman succeeded in getting three of the following parts of his domestic program passed. Which one did Congress not approve? |
| | A) | increase of the minimum wage |
| | B) | expansion of the Social Security system |
| | C) | federal construction of low-income housing |
| | D) | creation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission |
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22 | |
When Japanese control of Korea ended as a result of Japanese defeat in World War II, Korea was: |
| | A) | occupied entirely by United States forces. |
| | B) | occupied by the same four powers as in Germany. |
| | C) | united under the nationalist government of Syngman Rhee. |
| | D) | divided into United States and Soviet zones of occupation. |
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23 | |
What was the primary cause of the stalemate in Korea? |
| | A) | The incompetence of American troops. |
| | B) | the resilience of the North Korean army. |
| | C) | Soviet intervention in the conflict. |
| | D) | Chinese intervention in the conflict. |
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24 | |
Which of the following was part of the Truman administration's "loyalty" program? |
| | A) | the investigations by the House Un-American Activities Committee. |
| | B) | the McCarron Act. |
| | C) | the Hiss case. |
| | D) | the Rosenberg case. |
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25 | |
Each of the following was a part of the attraction of McCarthyism for many Americans EXCEPT: |
| | A) | fear of Communism. |
| | B) | convincing evidence. |
| | C) | resentment of the "Eastern establishment." |
| | D) | partisan ambition. |
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