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The Western Experience, 8/e

Mortimer Chambers, University of California - Los Angeles
Barbara Hanawalt, Ohio State University
Theodore Rabb, Princeton University
Isser Woloch, Columbia University
Raymond Grew, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Reformations in Religion

Problems for Analysis

I. Piety and Dissent


1		What were the sources of religious discontent that preceded the Reformation? What evidence is there for this?



2		Compare northern and Italian Humanism.



3		In what ways is it appropriate to focus on Thomas More and Erasmus as representatives of northern Humanism?

II. The Lutheran Reformation


4		What emotional needs motivated Luther? Why did his personal answers strike such a strong chord in others?



5		What were the main differences in doctrine and practice between Catholicism and Lutheranism?



6		"Despite his revolutionary actions, Martin Luther was quite authoritarian and conservative." Do you agree? Explain.

III. The Growth of Protestantism


7		"Protestantism was not simply a single movement away from the Roman Catholic Church; it was a series of separate and often conflicting movements." Do you agree? Explain.



8		Why did Calvinism develop into the most dynamic of the Protestant forces during the mid-sixteenth century?

IV. The Catholic Revival


9		In what ways was the Catholic revival of the sixteenth century a Counter Reformation? In what ways was it a Catholic Reformation?



10		How did Pope Paul III, the Council of Trent, and the Jesuits contribute to the Catholic revival?



11		What emotional needs in people did Catholicism fulfill better than Protestantism?

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