McGraw-Hill OnlineMcGraw-Hill Higher EducationLearning Center
Student Center | Instructor Center | Information Center | Home
Animated Maps
PowerWeb
Western Civilization Exercises
Who Am I?
Chapter Outline
Chapter Overview
Multiple Choice Quiz
Essay Quiz
Problems for Analysis
Interactive Maps
Indentification
Audio Pronunciation Guide
A Closer Look
Book Maps
Chronology Exercises
Guide To Documents
Significant Individuals
Web Links
Feedback
Help Center


The Western Experience book cover
The Western Experience, 8/e
Mortimer Chambers, University of California - Los Angeles
Barbara Hanawalt, Ohio State University
Theodore Rabb, Princeton University
Isser Woloch, Columbia University
Raymond Grew, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

War and Crisis

Guide To Documents

  1. Queen Elizabeth's Armada Speech
  2. Oliver Cromwell's Aims
    When Parliament in late 1656 offered to make Oliver Cromwell the king of England as a way of restoring political stability, he hesitated before replying. He soon came to realize, however, that this solution went against his deepest principles. When he finally came to Parliament with his reply on April 13, 1657, he turned down the offer of a crown and explained in a long speech – from which a passage follows – why he felt it would be wrong to reestablish a monarchy in England.

    "I do think you ought to attend to the settling of the peace and liberties of this Nation. Otherwise the Nation will fall in pieces. And in that, so far as I can, I am ready to serve not as a King, but as a Constable. For truly I have, before God, often thought that I could not tell what my business was, save comparing myself to a good Constable set to keep the peace of the parish. And truly this hath been my content and satisfaction in the troubles I have undergone . . . I was a person who, from my first employment, was suddenly lifted up from lesser trusts to greater... The Providence of God hath laid aside this Title of King; and that not by sudden humor, but by issue of ten or twelve years Civil War, wherein much blood hath been shed. I will not dispute the justice of it when it was done. But God in His severity hath eradicated a whole Family, and thrust them out of the land. And God hath seemed providential not only in striking at the family but at the Name [of king]. It is blotted out. God blasted the very Title. I will not seek to set up that which Providence hath destroyed, and laid in the dust: I would not build Jericho again."
    Thomas Carlyle (ed.), Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches (London, 1908), vol. 3, pp. 230, 231, and 235.
  3. Richelieu on Diplomacy