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The Western Experience, 8/e

Mortimer Chambers, University of California - Los Angeles
Barbara Hanawalt, Ohio State University
Theodore Rabb, Princeton University
Isser Woloch, Columbia University
Raymond Grew, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

The Emergence of the European State System

Multiple Choice


1	Louis XIV's court at Versailles was designed to serve all of the following purposes EXCEPT
		A)	to impress people with his wealth, power, and refinement.
		B)	to insulate the court from the turmoil of the capital city.
		C)	to serve as a final defensive bastion in case of invasion.
		D)	to detach nobles from their traditional bases of power in the provinces.


2	Developing the country's bureaucracy gave Louis increased ability to do all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	expand and control the armed forces.
		B)	formulate and execute laws.
		C)	collect and disburse revenue.
		D)	disenfranchise the traditional nobility.


3	Louis' foreign policy resulted in
		A)	decisive victories.
		B)	greater gains than losses.
		C)	only marginal gains at great cost.
		D)	great losses of territory and resources.


4	Louis XIV's domestic policy included all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	fostering manufacturing, agriculture, and trade.
		B)	expelling the Huguenots and suppressing Jansenism.
		C)	quashing legal protests and crushing peasant rebellions.
		D)	transforming the aristocracy into a compulsory service class.


5	From late in Louis XIV's reign through the middle of Louis XV's, conditions in France generally went
		A)	from bad to worse.
		B)	from good to bad.
		C)	from bad to better.
		D)	from good to better.


6	After Louis XIV, the French monarchy was troubled by all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	renewed competition from aristocrats (especially in the parlements).
		B)	financial instability (thanks to exemptions from taxes enjoyed by the privileged).
		C)	incessant warfare (thanks to Louis XV's dynastic ambitions in Spain).
		D)	political weakness (except during the ministry of Cardinal Fleury).


7	Leopold I of Austria's rule was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	establishment of a Versailles-like palace at Schönbrunn.
		B)	reliance on aristocrats to help rule nationally and locally.
		C)	strong efforts to make Imperial rule effective in Germany.
		D)	significant expansion to the southeast at Ottoman expense.


8	Frederick William made Brandenburg-Prussia into a power in Germany by all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	building a strong army, which rose from 8,000 men in 1648 to 22,000 in the 1650s (and 200,000 in 1786).
		B)	allying with the nobles, who got control of the peasants and through serfdom made their estates profitable.
		C)	organizing the state to sustain the army by having officers run the treasury and local administration.
		D)	gaining the title of King in Prussia and making Berlin into a cosmopolitan social and cultural center.


9	International competition spurred internal state building because
		A)	an efficient bureaucracy, prosperous economy, and stable society were the foundations of military power.
		B)	as conquered peoples came under different rulers, they made use of the best aspects of each government.
		C)	larger powers were able to swallow up smaller states wholesale, and had to digest and integrate them.
		D)	rulers vied for the distinction of ruling the most fortunate state by best serving the needs of their people.


10	Frederick William I did all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	increase the size of the army.
		B)	improve the quality of the officers.
		C)	wear an army uniform at all times.
		D)	fight a war.


11	Frederick the Great was all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	an outstanding general.
		B)	a God-fearing German Protestant.
		C)	a composer, poet, and philosopher.
		D)	a ruthless statesman.


12	The Habsburgs faced all of the following difficulties in forging their empire EXCEPT
		A)	it was made up of socially and culturally diverse territories united only by the dynasty that ruled them.
		B)	the local nobles in the different territories jealously defended, and tried to extend, their traditional rights.
		C)	Prussia, France, Spain, and Bavaria tried to take advantage of the succession of Maria Theresa, a woman.
		D)	they lost a number of provinces because Hungarian troops and British gold proved insufficient support.


13	Maria Theresa accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	expanding Austria's tax base.
		B)	founding new monasteries.
		C)	reforming the administration.
		D)	modernizing the army.


14	Spain remained an important international player in the eighteenth century because of its
		A)	large population.
		B)	powerful navy.
		C)	victorious army.
		D)	economic strength.


15	Peter the Great accomplished all of the following during his reign EXCEPT
		A)	establishing Russia as a major presence in the Black Sea.
		B)	beginning the westernization of Russia's economy and society.
		C)	taking control of the Church and ignoring representative institutions.
		D)	reducing the peasants to the level of serfs and forcing the nobles to serve the state.


16	Holland, Sweden, and Poland in the eighteenth century had in common that
		A)	they lost out because they failed to modernize their political systems.
		B)	they lost out to neighbors who mobilized superior national power.
		C)	they lost out because they overextended themselves when successful.
		D)	they lost out when they could not successfully defend their territory.


17	The Glorious Revolution confirmed the gentry's control of England in all of the following ways EXCEPT
		A)	it reconfirmed that the monarchy did not have the power to defy Parliament.
		B)	it established that the king's ministers were also responsible to Parliament.
		C)	William III accepted legal restraints on his power in exchange for the crown.
		D)	James II took refuge with Louis XIV, identifying absolutism with the enemy.


18	All of the following both contributed to and resulted from England's economic prosperity EXCEPT
		A)	the success of the Bank of England.
		B)	the rise of the Navy.
		C)	Tory dominance in politics.
		D)	overseas expansion.


19	All of the following changes took place in eighteenth century Britain EXCEPT
		A)	The House of Commons came to be dominated by landowners and leading townsmen.
		B)	Britain created a bureaucratized state with a standing army and expanding navy.
		C)	Executive power came to be directed by a cabinet of ministers responsible to Parliament.
		D)	Dominance in setting foreign policy shifted from the landholders to the commercial elite.


20	The main difference between Hobbes and Locke was that Locke argued
		A)	people in nature have liberty but not security.
		B)	government is created by a contract to secure people's lives and property.
		C)	the sovereign is a party to the contract, and may be overthrown if he breaks it.
		D)	if the sovereign is overthrown, people revert to a state of nature.


21	During the eighteenth century, international relations came to be dominated by all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	the impersonal interests of the states rather than the dynastic concerns of the rulers.
		B)	an aristocratic, cosmopolitan, French-speaking corps of professional diplomats.
		C)	the belief that any means were justified in the pursuit of power.
		D)	a balance of power that protected every state's security.


22	During the eighteenth century, all of the following were true of armies and navies EXCEPT
		A)	they became much larger and more expensive.
		B)	officers and men became more professional.
		C)	fighting was restrained by the costs of equipment and trained manpower.
		D)	weapons and tactics changed radically as new technologies were developed.


23	The Seven Years' War was fought by
		A)	England and Prussia against Austria, France, and Russia.
		B)	England and Russia against Austria, France, and Prussia.
		C)	France and Austria against England, Prussia, and Russia.
		D)	France and Russia against England, Austria, and Prussia.

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