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The Western Experience, 8/e

Mortimer Chambers, University of California - Los Angeles
Barbara Hanawalt, Ohio State University
Theodore Rabb, Princeton University
Isser Woloch, Columbia University
Raymond Grew, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

The Wealth of Nations

Multiple Choice


1	During the eighteenth century, Europe’s population grew by
		A)	25%
		B)	50%
		C)	75%
		D)	100%


2	Europe’s population rose primarily because of
		A)	declining death rates due to better food supply.
		B)	declining death rates due to improved medicine and hygiene.
		C)	increasing birth rates due to increased economic opportunities.
		D)	increasing birth rates due to a mild improvement in average climate.


3	How did the population rise affect the scope of economic activity during the eighteenth century?
		A)	Increasing competition for resources depressed the economy.
		B)	Increasing demand for good and services stimulated the economy.
		C)	Increasing competition and increasing demand canceled each other, so there was little net effect.
		D)	Europe’s surplus population emigrated to the colonies, making up the bulk of the labor force in them.


4	Europe’s economic growth had which of the following effects?
		A)	Rents rose while wages fell, benefiting landlords and businessmen and hurting farmers and laborers.
		B)	Rents rose while wages fell, benefiting farmers and laborers and hurting landlords and businessmen.
		C)	Rents fell while wages rose, benefiting landlords and businessmen and hurting farmers and laborers.
		D)	Rents fell while wages rose, benefiting farmers and laborers and hurting landlords and businessmen.


5	Protoindustrialization had all of the following effects EXCEPT
		A)	economically, it strengthened marketing networks, spurred capital accumulation, and stimulated demand.
		B)	socially, it improved the peasants’ lives while teaching them about money and industrial production.
		C)	demographically, it loosened restraints on marriage and births, which led to immigration into the cities.
		D)	technologically, it stimulated innovations that increased productivity that sustained continuous growth.


6	Use of better tools and the new sources of energy had all of the following effects EXCEPT
		A)	increasing the productivity of labor.
		B)	transforming manufacturing.
		C)	making work easier and the workday shorter.
		D)	creating a new social institution: the factory.


7	All of the following were impediments to economic innovation EXCEPT
		A)	small markets due to transportation limitations.
		B)	demand skewed to finely crafted luxury items.
		C)	entrenched economic privileges such as guilds and monopolies.
		D)	laissez-faire attitudes among government administrators.


8	England satisfied all of the following preconditions for innovation and economic growth EXCEPT
		A)	an excellent base of raw materials and transportation lines.
		B)	a docile working population held firmly in place by seigniorialism.
		C)	a uniform system of tariffs, laws, and standards.
		D)	a relatively wealthy population and pool of potential entrepreneurs.


9	The techniques of mass production were first developed for
		A)	iron making.
		B)	making cotton goods.
		C)	ship building.
		D)	distilling rum from colonial sugar.


10	Well-to-do landlords were readier to experiment with agriculture than peasants because
		A)	they were more intelligent than the peasants.
		B)	their lives did not depend on it.
		C)	aristocrats tended to be forward-looking.
		D)	peasants had an unthinking resistance to change.


11	Enclosure had all of the following effects EXCEPT
		A)	increasing the productivity of the land.
		B)	destroying cooperative farming villages.
		C)	driving many peasants into destitution.
		D)	causing a massive rural depopulation.


12	Eastern Europe was distinguished from Western Europe by
		A)	the continued existence of “feudal” relationships.
		B)	the dominant division between nobles and serfs.
		C)	the vigor of its urban commercial classes.
		D)	the absolutist nature of its governmental structures.


13	The British and French competed to control all of the following areas EXCEPT
		A)	the West Indies.
		B)	East Africa.
		C)	North America.
		D)	India.


14	The triangular trade routes most consistently involved
		A)	Europe.
		B)	Africa.
		C)	the West Indies.
		D)	North America.


15	The West Indies were ideal colonies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
		A)	the slave system worked well since they were islands.
		B)	they produced tropical crops difficult to grow elsewhere.
		C)	they depended on exports from Europe and America.
		D)	their climate was favorable for European habitation.


16	The European slave system had all of the following effects EXCEPT
		A)	removing over 9,000,000 productive people from Africa.
		B)	condemning some captives to death and the rest to a life of forced labor.
		C)	creating luxuries and generating huge profits for the Europeans.
		D)	populating Latin America with a predominantly black population.


17	Britain won its rivalry for dominance in the colonial world with France because
		A)	Britain could focus on taking control of the seas and colonies, while France also had to fight in Europe.
		B)	Britain was able to stay out of the Seven Years’ War, while France fought in it.
		C)	Britain’s ally Russia was able to beat France, Austria, and Prussia.
		D)	the French economy was more dependent on overseas trade, and thus more vulnerable in a naval war.


18	The Treaty of Paris did all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	eliminate French power in North America.
		B)	reduce French holdings in the West Indies.
		C)	establish British military supremacy in India.
		D)	remove France as a naval power of consequence.


19	Britain established control of India by all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	moving aggressively to establish an overwhelming presence.
		B)	exploiting divisions among Indian potentates.
		C)	creating a class of landholders beholden to Britain.
		D)	indoctrinating select Indians in British culture.

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