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The Western Experience, 8/e

Mortimer Chambers, University of California - Los Angeles
Barbara Hanawalt, Ohio State University
Theodore Rabb, Princeton University
Isser Woloch, Columbia University
Raymond Grew, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

European Power: Wealth, Knowledge, and Imperialism

Multiple Choice


1	The technological foundations of the second industrial revolution included all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	new smelting processes that made steel the most commonly used metal.
		B)	the proliferation of chemicals used in products ranging from dyes to fertilizers.
		C)	the rapidly spreading use of electricity in lighting and to power machinery.
		D)	the use of coal to run increasingly powerful steam-engines made from iron.


2	Germany surpassed England as Europe's leading industrial power for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
		A)	Germany industrialized later, so its factories were larger and more up-to-date.
		B)	in the late nineteenth century England's economy began to contract after decades of growth.
		C)	the German educational system produced the administrators and engineers vital to modern industry.
		D)	German cartels rationalized production and supported aggressive marketing around the world.


3	The proportion of people in agriculture could decline because all of the following raised productivity EXCEPT
		A)	fertilizers.
		B)	machinery.
		C)	imports.
		D)	specialization.


4	Europe's population grew from 295,000,000 people in 1870 to 450,000,000 in 1914 because
		A)	The birth rate rose while the death rate stayed steady.
		B)	The death rate fell while the birth rate stayed steady.
		C)	The birth rate fell, but the death rate fell far more.
		D)	The death rate rose but the birth rate rose far more.


5	By 1900, the proportion of people making their living from farming in England was
		A)	43 percent.
		B)	35 percent.
		C)	22 percent.
		D)	8 percent.


6	Fundamental scientific advances were made in all of the following fields EXCEPT
		A)	thermodynamics.
		B)	electromagnetism.
		C)	astronomy.
		D)	chemistry.


7	The nineteenth century's interest in historical development was expressed in all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	Comte's positivism, which said civilization progresses through successive stages of intellectual ability.
		B)	Marx's position that changes in the means of production cause class struggles that drive social evolution.
		C)	Darwin's theory, which said species evolve through competition to adapt to a changing environment.
		D)	Spencer's philosophy that progress from complexity to simplicity is a universal necessity.


8	Marxism proved strongly influential for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
		A)	it was logically compelling and relevant to all of the social sciences
		B)	it gave scientific validity to the rejection of industrial society.
		C)	it provided a hard-headed moral criticism of its opponents.
		D)	it claimed the prestige of science and gave the security of determinism.


9	Social Darwinism's application of Darwin's theory of natural selection to society was most often used to justify
		A)	the class struggle.
		B)	social inequality.
		C)	monopolistic practices.
		D)	moral reform efforts.


10	Latin America seemed to show that Europe's age of empire was past for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
		A)	from 1804 to 1824 France and Spain lost virtually all of their colonies.
		B)	during subsequent conflicts, France and England made no moves to take over.
		C)	Mohammed Ali's revolt against the Ottomans led to modernizing internal reforms
		D)	independence did not destroy Europe's cultural influence or profitable trade.


11	Europe's presence around the world was increased informally by all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	explorers and missionaries.
		B)	bureaucrats and planners.
		C)	merchants and bankers.
		D)	local officials and emigrants.


12	In the late nineteenth century, imperialism referred to
		A)	the legacy of the Roman Empire.
		B)	Europe's mid-century informal influence overseas.
		C)	Europe's direct rule over much of the non-European world.
		D)	economic and cultural domination with or without political rule.


13	Imperialism was connected to the development of capitalism by
		A)	the division of the world into a wealthy and powerful economic core and a poor and powerless periphery.
		B)	the growth of a world market from which all continents and peoples profited equally.
		C)	the advances which Europe first learned from non-Europeans, but then used against them.
		D)	the spread of free trade as the concept of the free market was adopted throughout the world.


14	Early theorists of imperialism focused on
		A)	militarism.
		B)	economic interests.
		C)	nationalism.
		D)	sociological factors.


15	More recent theories about imperialism have focused on all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	the machinations of great financiers.
		B)	the growth of the popular press.
		C)	explorers and missionaries.
		D)	ambitious soldiers and local officials.


16	Economic and technological developments that fostered imperialism include all of the following EXCEPT
		A)	the growing demand for a wide range of raw materials.
		B)	the need for telegraph posts and naval coaling stations.
		C)	modern weapons and tropical medicines.
		D)	the radio and the airplane.


17	Historians today study imperialism for the light it sheds on all of the following issues in European culture EXCEPT
		A)	regionalism.
		B)	class.
		C)	race.
		D)	gender.


18	All of the following social groups in Europe particularly encouraged imperialism EXCEPT
		A)	the aristocracy, which wanted subject peoples to lord over.
		B)	religious societies, which wanted to convert heathen souls.
		C)	peasants, who saw colonies as more land available to farm.
		D)	merchants, who wanted to increase their business activities.


19	Imperialism was popular among Europeans for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
		A)	it offered opportunities for heroic initiative and noble self-sacrifice.
		B)	it gave even lower-class Europeans people they could feel superior to.
		C)	it served as a national unifier, aligning conservative groups, businessmen, and the common people.
		D)	it encouraged social reforms at home in order to mobilize public support for expansion abroad.


20	Europeans established direct rule or substantial control in all of the following regions EXCEPT
		A)	Africa.
		B)	Southeast Asia.
		C)	Latin America.
		D)	China.


21	Japan was able to avoid conquest by the Europeans by
		A)	isolating itself from the outside world.
		B)	modernizing its economy and government.
		C)	buying off the imperial powers with access to raw materials.
		D)	playing the different imperial powers off against each other.

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