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A) the peninsula is bisected by the Apennine mountain range. B) the mountains divide the land into many small valleys. C) in the north, the Po River runs through a large, fertile valley. D) the mountains are so gentle that they can be used for pasturing. 2
A) two consuls, elected annually. B) a Senate consisting of men who had held elected office. C) three assemblies that included all adult male citizens. D) a dictator, whose term of office was limited to one year. 3
A) the patrician class was able to stifle all attempts at reform by assassinating plebeian leaders. B) the plebeians destroyed patrician dominance and installed direct control of the government by the masses. C) the patricians made significant concessions that did not fundamentally compromise their dominance. D) the plebeians wrested control of the state, but left the patricians significant ceremonial functions. 4
A) Originally subordinate to a rigid patriarchy, they gradually won significant, if still limited, freedoms. B) Originally relatively autonomous, they found themselves subjected to increasing patriarchal controls. C) Originally subordinate to a rigid patriarchy, they eventually won extensive political and civil rights. D) Originally relatively autonomous, they successfully maintained their position as Roman society changed. 5
A) brutal disregard for the rights of the conquered people. B) an unbroken series of successful campaigns of conquest. C) integration of conquered states into the Roman federation. D) reliance on diplomacy rather than military conquest. 6
A) Rome and Carthage divided control of the Western Mediterranean. B) Rome took the Western Mediterranean while Carthage retained the Eastern half. C) Rome destroyed Carthage and took control of the Western Mediterranean. D) Rome turned to conquest in the Eastern Mediterranean when it was unable to defeat Carthage 7
A) occurred piecemeal as one conquest generated conflicts that led to further conquests. B) occurred in one fell swoop when Rome defeated the Hellenistic Kingdom at Magnesia. C) spared Greece, whose independent culture the Romans held in particularly high regard. D) led to political reforms in the conquered states that ended their chronic corruption. 8
A) the military weakness of its enemies. B) a corrupt but efficient system of taxation. C) absolute rule of overseas provinces by Roman governors. D) a powerful and resilient military machine. 9
A) the wars with Carthage had ravaged the countryside and brought he farmers to financial ruin. B) citizens who profited from the wars bought out the farmers, forcing them to become landless laborers. C) slaves captured in the wars of conquest undercut the wage structure for free workers. D) the requirement that men buy their own arms and armor, which limited opportunities in the legions. 10
A) opening recruitment to propertyless men and securing booty and land for them. B) tightening recruitment to only men of property and suppressing the Italian rebellion. C) enlisting masses of slaves who had no roots in Rome and no prospects beyond the success of their patron. D) leading them on campaigns of conquest that made each of them master of numerous foreign slaves. 11
A) lead an army into Rome for the first time to secure political power. B) make himself dictator without the usual six month time limit. C) enact conservative reforms increasing the power of the Senate. D) abolish the minimum ages at which a man could hold offices. 12
A) he had himself elected as the first dictator for life. B) he established a system of client kings in smaller states. C) he reversed many of the reforms enacted by Sulla. D) he suppressed piracy and resettled many pirates onto farms. 13
A) Spain. B) Syria. C) Gaul. D) Germany. 14
A) style himself as champion of the people. B) lead an army on Rome. C) make himself dictator for life. D) ruthlessly persecute his enemies. 15
A) aristocrats, who resented his usurpation of their traditional dominance of the state. B) plebeians, who wanted revenge for his ruthless suppression of popular rights. C) rival generals, who hoped to gain his power for themselves. D) his officers, who felt he had neglected them after they helped him gain power. 16
A) Mark Antony. B) Octavian. C) Brutus. D) Marcus Lepidus. 17
A) humbling the Senate. B) defeating Antony and Cleopatra. C) taking control of each province in turn. D) reorganizing the armies to include non-Romans. 18
A) restoring the Republic while dominating it behind the scenes. B) gaining the powers and populist stature of a tribune. C) securing command of most of the army. D) creating the powerful office of "Augustus." for himself. 19
A) ending the series of civil wars. B) establishing secure borders. C) deifying the office of emperor. D) advancing the rights of women.
2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education