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Table of ContentsGETTING STARTED
How to Use This Book
Making the Most of Your Reading
Taking Notes
Learning the Writing Process
Writing an Outline
Gathering Information
The Making of a Student Essay: From Prewriting to Proofreading.SECTION I: ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1: The Central Idea
Identifying the Central Idea
Writing a Preliminary Topic Sentence or Thesis Statement
Some Tips on Writing Topic Sentences and Thesis Statements
Controlling Unity and Development
Revising the Central Idea
Practice Writing Central Ideas
Four Paragraphs for Analysis
"Still on the Point" by George Bush
"Three Passions I Have Lived For" by Bertrand Russell
"Echoes" by Maria Cirilli (Student Essay) CHAPTER 2: Unity and Coherence
Creating Unity
Maintaining Coherence
Visualizing Unity and Coherence
Revising to Improve Unity and Coherence
Practicing Unity and Coherence
From "Waste" by Wendell Berry
"Writing and Its Rewards" by Richard Marius
"Study Calculus!" by William J. Bennett
"Is Justice Served?" by Gina K. Louis-Ferdinand (Student Essay) CHAPTER 3: Development
Determining How Much a Paragraph or Essay Should Contain
Choosing the Best Method of Development
Deciding How to Arrange the Ideas and Details in a Paragraph
Visualizing Paragraph Development
"The Last Safe Haven" by Joannie Schrof
"Exile and Return" by James Keller (Student Essay) CHAPTER 4: Introductions and Conclusions
Writing Introductions; Writing Conclusions
Visualizing Ways to Write Introduction and Conclusions
Revising Introductions and Conclusions
"How to Keep Air Clean" by Sydney Harris
"I Was Just Wondering" by Robert Fulghum
"A Prayer for the Days of Awe" by Elie Wiesel
"The Transformation of Maria Fernandez" by Anita DiPasquale (Student Essay) SECTION II: WORD CHOICE AND SENTENCE PATTERNS
CHAPTER 5: Word Choice: Using Concrete, Specific and Vivid Language
Making Your Writing Concrete
Making Your Writing Specific
Making Your Writing Vivid
Visualizing Concrete, Specific, and Vivid Details
Revising to Include Concrete, Specific, and Vivid Language
"Those Winter Sundays" by Robert Hayden
"The San Francisco Earthquake" by Jack London
"Of Famine and Green Beer" by John Leo
"The Mentally Ill and Human Experimentation: Perfect Together" by Nancy J. MundieCHAPTER 6: Word Choice: Using Figurative Language
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Visualizing Figurative Language
Revising to Include Figurative Language
Practicing Creating Simile, Metaphor, and Personification
"January Wind" by Hal Borland
"Joy of an Immigrant, A Thanksgiving" and "Old Man Timochenko" by Emanuel di Pasquale
"Back from the Brink" by Daniel Zanoza
"The Gift" by Li-Young Lee
"Music" by Louis Gonzalez (Student Essay) CHAPTER 7: Sentence Structure: Creating Emphasis and Variety
Emphasis
Variety
Visualizing Sentence Structure
Revising to Create Variety and Emphasis
Practicing Combining Sentences
"The Vices of Age" by Malcom Cowley
"Why We Celebrate Father's Day: Two Short Essays" by Gary L. Bower and Steve Forbes
"A Longing" by Alice Wnorowski (Student Essay)
"The Buried Sounds of Children Crying" by Harrison Rainie
"The Band from Hell" by Cal Thomas SECTION III: DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 8: Describing Places and Things
Using Proper Nouns
Using Effective Verbs
Including Action and People in the Description of a Place
Visualizing Details that Describe Places and Things
Revising Descriptive Essays
Practicing Techniques that Describe Places and Things
"Watching the Reapers" by Po Chu-i
From "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" by Ursula K. Le Guin
"Subway Station" by Gilbert Highet
"If at First You Do Not See..." by Jessie Sullivan (Student Essay)
"A Deathly Call of the Wild" by Mary Ann GwinnCHAPTER 9: Describing People
Describing Your Subject's Appearance and Speech
Revealing What You Know About Your Subject
Revealing What Others Say About Your Subject
Visualizing Details That Describe People
Revising Descriptive Essays
Practicing Techniques That Describe People
"Photograph of My Father in His Twenty-second Year" by Raymond Carver
From "Mothers and Fathers" by Phyllis Rose
"Two Gentlemen of the Pines" by John McPhee
"Oma: Portrait of a Heroine" by Maria Scamacca (Student Essay)
"Charisma Fortified by 'Chutzpah'" by Barry Shlachter SECTION IV: NARRATION
CHAPTER 10: Personal Reflection and Autobiography
Visualizing Details and Techniques Important to Personal Reflection and Autobiography
Revising Autobiographical Essays
Practicing Skills of Personal Reflection and Autobiography
"Cry: The Story of a Comfort Woman" by Razel Ariz Florento (Student Poem)
From "Spoon River Anthology" by Edgar Lee Masters
"The Day I Was Fat" by Lois Diaz-Talty (Student Essay)
"Death of an Officer" by Gaye Wagner
"Wanderlust" by Charles Kuralt CHAPTER 11: Reporting Events
Visualizing Narrative Elements
Revising Narrative Skills
Practicing Narrative Skills
"Child of the Romans" by Carl Sandburg
"What the Gossips Saw" by Leo Romero
"The Colossus in the Kitchen" by Adrienne Schwartz (Student Essay)
From "Faith of the Father" by Sam Pickering
"Frederick Douglass: The Path to Freedom" by Carl Sagan CHAPTER 12: The Short Story
Visualizing Narrative Elements in Fiction
"House Opposite" by R.K. Narayan
"The Hammon and the Beans" by America Paredes
"The Son from America" by Isaac Bashevis Singer
"A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty SECTION V: EXPOSITION AND PERSUASION
Explaining Through Illustration
Explaining Through Comparison and Contrast
Explaining Through Process Analysis
Persuading CHAPTER 13: Illustration
Specific Facts, Instances, or Occurrences
Statistics
Specific People, Places, or Things
Anecdotes
Visualizing Examples
Revising Illustration Essays
Practicing Illustration
"Why Not Real Awards for Real Achievements?" by Ben Stein
"On the Home Front" by Jim Carnes
"Wolf" by Grace Lukawaska (Student Essay)
"Growing Up in Rumania" by Irina Groza (Student Essay)
"The Death of Common Sense" by Philip K. Howard CHAPTER 14: Comparison/Contrast
Organizing Comparison/Contrast Papers
Visualizing Methods of Comparison
Revising Comparison/Contrast Papers
Practicing Comparison and Contrast
"The Road from Ixopo" by Alan Paton
"New Blood for Cities" by Stephen Moore
"Temptations of Old Age" by Malcolm Cowley
"The Militiaman, the Yuppie, and Me" by Carolyn Swalina
"Columbus and the Moon" by Tom Wolfe CHAPTER 15: Process Analysis
Organization, Purpose, and Thesis
Clarity and Directness
Visualizing Process Analysis
Revising Process Analysis Papers
Practicing Process Analysis
"Drawing Electricity from Clouds" by Benjamin Franklin
"How to Fight a Duel" by Adam Goodheart
"The Measure of Eratosthenes" by Carl Sagan
"How I Came Out to My Parents" by Kenneth Kohler CHAPTER 16: Persuasion
Beginning with an Argument
Developing Ideas in an Argument
Going Beyond Argument
Addressing Opposing Arguments
Visualizing Strategies for Persuasion
Revising Persuasion Papers
Practicing Strategies for Persuasion
"Desperate to Learn English" by Alice Callaghan
"The Right to Be Let Alone" by Barry Glazer
"The Media's Image of Arabs" by Jack G. Shaheen
"What's Wrong with this Picture" by Gloria Steinem
Glossary
Index
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education