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1 | |
The author defines psychology as the science of behavior and |
| | A) | mental processes |
| | B) | overt actions |
| | C) | phenomena |
| | D) | observation |
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2 | |
Psychology is considered to be a science because psychologists |
| | A) | use logic to develop their theories |
| | B) | use careful and controlled observation |
| | C) | can be completely objective in their study of human behavior |
| | D) | have developed techniques to let them understand private thoughts and emotions |
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3 | |
Which of the four goals of psychology is achieved when we can explain behavior? |
| | A) | describe |
| | B) | predict |
| | C) | understand |
| | D) | influence |
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4 | |
Surveys are conducted in order to achieve which of the following goals of psychology? |
| | A) | describe |
| | B) | predict |
| | C) | understand |
| | D) | explain |
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5 | |
If a man wearing a fake beard and a black academic robe asks you to describe the sensations of biting into an apple, |
| | A) | leave the area immediately |
| | B) | he's probably a behaviorist trying to condition you |
| | C) | he's probably a psychoanalyst looking into your unconscious mind |
| | D) | he's probably a structuralist asking you to do introspection |
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6 | |
What was the focus of structuralism? |
| | A) | mental processes |
| | B) | observable events |
| | C) | unconscious thought |
| | D) | mental elements |
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7 | |
According to William James, psychology should emphasize |
| | A) | what the mind can do |
| | B) | the basic structure of the mind |
| | C) | the factors that have aided our evolution |
| | D) | a and c above |
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8 | |
When Pavlov discovered that his dogs associated the sound of the bell with food, he called this |
| | A) | functionalism |
| | B) | conditioning |
| | C) | introspection |
| | D) | the phi phenomenon |
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9 | |
Social learning theory has attempted to integrate the ideas of behaviorism with the study of |
| | A) | the unconscious |
| | B) | Gestalt psychology |
| | C) | humanistic psychology |
| | D) | cognition |
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10 | |
Which of the following ideas is most likely to be associated with humanistic psychology? |
| | A) | self-concept |
| | B) | cultural relativism |
| | C) | the phi phenomenon |
| | D) | aggression |
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11 | |
According to Freud, two innate motives that are at the root of psychological problems are sex and |
| | A) | social needs |
| | B) | physical needs |
| | C) | guilt |
| | D) | aggression |
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12 | |
In the early 1900s, Ramon y Cajal first identified |
| | A) | the structure of the unconscious |
| | B) | neurons |
| | C) | hormones |
| | D) | the basic principles of heredity |
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13 | |
In order to fully understand people, it is necessary to understand the beliefs and values of their culture, according to |
| | A) | functionalism |
| | B) | structuralism |
| | C) | the sociocultural perspective |
| | D) | the neuroscience perspective |
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14 | |
According to the sociocultural perspective, which of the following refers to a person's sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group? |
| | A) | cultural relativity |
| | B) | ethnic identity |
| | C) | gender identity |
| | D) | racial identity |
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15 | |
Cultural relativity promotes the idea that |
| | A) | some cultures are more advanced than others |
| | B) | some cultures operate on a higher moral plane than others |
| | C) | it is useful to think about different cultures in judgmental terms |
| | D) | cultures should be thought of as being different rather than superior or inferior |
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16 | |
Which of the following is not considered a "basic" area of psychology? |
| | A) | sensation and perception |
| | B) | cognition |
| | C) | counseling psychology |
| | D) | personality |
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17 | |
A "basic" area of psychology that studies ways in which our behavior is influenced by other people is called |
| | A) | personality |
| | B) | motivation and emotion |
| | C) | social psychology |
| | D) | developmental psychology |
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18 | |
Of the research methods described in the text, which are described as the simplest methods? |
| | A) | correlational |
| | B) | descriptive |
| | C) | quantitative |
| | D) | experimental |
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19 | |
A psychology student wishes to find out more about test anxiety. She constructs a "Test Anxiety Questionnaire" and gives it to other students. Which technique is she using? |
| | A) | survey method |
| | B) | correlational method |
| | C) | clinical method |
| | D) | formal experiment |
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20 | |
If you were interested in describing "Happy Hour" behavior among college students, which technique would be most likely to yield accurate data? |
| | A) | survey method |
| | B) | formal experiment |
| | C) | naturalistic observation |
| | D) | clinical method |
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21 | |
In a research study, participants recorded the number of cigarettes smoked per day. "Number of cigarettes smoked per day" is referred to as a(n) |
| | A) | sample |
| | B) | variable |
| | C) | coefficient |
| | D) | hypothesis |
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22 | |
Psychologists seeking to establish a relationship between family income and years of formal education would use which research method? |
| | A) | the clinical method |
| | B) | naturalistic observation |
| | C) | formal experiments |
| | D) | correlational methods |
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23 | |
If criminal activity were found to increase as temperatures increase, researchers could conclude that |
| | A) | warm weather causes crime |
| | B) | crime causes warm weather |
| | C) | crime and temperature are positively correlated |
| | D) | crime and temperature have a correlation coefficient of zero. |
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24 | |
The goal of correlational research is to |
| | A) | prove cause-and-effect relationships |
| | B) | show the degree of relationship between two variables |
| | C) | manipulate the independent variable |
| | D) | observe behavior in its natural environment |
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25 | |
Which of the following is an advantage of using formal experimental methods? |
| | A) | Only these methods can establish whether there is any relationship between two variables. |
| | B) | Only these methods allow behavior to be observed as it naturally occurs. |
| | C) | Only these methods allow researchers to determine people's opinions about various issues. |
| | D) | Only these methods allow scientists to determine cause-and-effect relationships. |
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26 | |
If a researcher wished to determine whether one variable was the cause of another variable, which research method would she use? |
| | A) | correlational study |
| | B) | formal experiment |
| | C) | survey |
| | D) | naturalistic observation |
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27 | |
A psychologist studied the effect of blood alcohol on driving behavior. In this study the driving behavior was the _________ variable. |
| | A) | control |
| | B) | independent |
| | C) | dependent |
| | D) | manipulated |
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28 | |
The purpose of the control group is to |
| | A) | control the outcome of the study |
| | B) | control the behavior of the participants |
| | C) | have a group that receives none of the independent variable |
| | D) | have a group that receives none of the dependent variable |
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29 | |
Sandra participates in a research study. When she is finished with her participation, she receives a copy of the complete results of the study. The researchers are practicing the principle of |
| | A) | ethical research |
| | B) | adequate debriefing |
| | C) | confidentiality |
| | D) | freedom from coercion |
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30 | |
If a student is required to participate in a research study in order to pass a course, this is a violation of the ethical principle of |
| | A) | confidentiality |
| | B) | freedom from coercion |
| | C) | informed consent |
| | D) | debriefing |
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31 | |
To be considered ethical, which of the conditions must researchers using animals meet? |
| | A) | necessity |
| | B) | health |
| | C) | humane treatment |
| | D) | all of the above |
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32 | |
Which of the following represents an advantage of using nonhuman animals in research? |
| | A) | more precisely controlled research |
| | B) | unethical to do research with humans |
| | C) | learn about other species |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education