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1 | |
Which of the following is most directly related to the gender to whom a person is attracted romantically and sexually? |
| | A) | sex |
| | B) | gender |
| | C) | gender role |
| | D) | sexual orientation |
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2 | |
The behaviors consistent with being male or female in a given culture defines |
| | A) | gender |
| | B) | gender identity |
| | C) | gender role |
| | D) | sex |
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3 | |
The view of oneself as being male or female is |
| | A) | gender |
| | B) | gender identity |
| | C) | gender role |
| | D) | sex |
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4 | |
On the average, women score higher than men on tests of |
| | A) | language skills |
| | B) | math |
| | C) | science |
| | D) | aggression |
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5 | |
When presented with a rhyming task, males showed increased activity only in the left hemisphere, whereas females showed increased activity |
| | A) | only in the right hemisphere |
| | B) | in both the left and right hemispheres |
| | C) | only in the corpus callosum |
| | D) | in the cerebellum |
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6 | |
Which of the following theories is most likely to emphasize Darwin's theory of selection? |
| | A) | social-role theory |
| | B) | psychoanalytic theory |
| | C) | evolutionary theory |
| | D) | social learning theory |
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7 | |
The process of reinforcing appropriate gender roles is central to gender development according to which theory? |
| | A) | psychoanalytic |
| | B) | social learning |
| | C) | humanistic |
| | D) | evolutionary |
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8 | |
According to studies, women are, on the average, more likely than men to |
| | A) | have high self-esteem |
| | B) | be unafraid of risks |
| | C) | be anxious or depressed |
| | D) | be assertive |
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9 | |
According to the 1994 University of Chicago survey, individuals with a homosexual orientation are |
| | A) | more common than other studies have found |
| | B) | less common than other studies have found |
| | C) | more likely to be found living in small towns |
| | D) | likely to exhibit a narrow range of gender roles |
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10 | |
Studies have provided evidence that is consistent with (but does not prove) the hypothesis that male and female homosexuality may be determined by biological factors, including any or all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | genetic differences |
| | B) | atypical hormone levels |
| | C) | differences in the hypothalamus and other brain structures |
| | D) | birth order |
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11 | |
According to Money, individuals develop a homosexual orientation as a result of |
| | A) | social learning |
| | B) | biological factors |
| | C) | learned gender roles |
| | D) | a and b above |
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12 | |
One explanation in Daryl Bem's theory of homosexuality is that children with atypical sex-typed behavior find children of the same sex to be |
| | A) | upsetting and later emotionally arousing |
| | B) | attractive even before puberty |
| | C) | easier to be with and more understanding |
| | D) | more valued than the opposite sex |
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13 | |
A person’s sex is defined by his or her |
| | A) | male or female genitals |
| | B) | gender role |
| | C) | gender identity |
| | D) | sexual orientation |
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14 | |
According to studies, men, on the average, score higher than women on tests of |
| | A) | fine motor skills |
| | B) | perceptual speed |
| | C) | language skills |
| | D) | social studies achievement |
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15 | |
According to studies conducted by Chapman and her associates, one of the most significant barriers for women entering scientific careers is |
| | A) | a lack of scientific skill |
| | B) | a nurturing attitude |
| | C) | their anxiety about their mathematical skills |
| | D) | men’s disapproval |
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16 | |
When it comes mating, women, on the average, are more likely to |
| | A) | prefer a younger mate |
| | B) | be threatened by sexual infidelity |
| | C) | prefer a partner of good character |
| | D) | prefer a mate who is physically attractive |
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17 | |
From childhood through late adulthood, which part of the brain is about 10 percent larger than that of women? |
| | A) | cerebral cortex |
| | B) | hippocampus |
| | C) | pituitary gland |
| | D) | corpus callosum |
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18 | |
Most of the differences between the brains of males and females are not evident until |
| | A) | late infancy |
| | B) | early adulthood |
| | C) | adolescence |
| | D) | adulthood |
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19 | |
According to evolutionary psychology, which type of forces determine whether or not genes survive? |
| | A) | social |
| | B) | natural |
| | C) | sexual |
| | D) | gender |
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20 | |
Which theory argues that gender differences arise from deep within genes that were selected by evolutionary processes long ago? |
| | A) | the natural theory of gender differences |
| | B) | the biological theory of gender differences |
| | C) | the evolutionary theory of gender differences |
| | D) | the genetic theory of gender differences |
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21 | |
All of the following are considered evolutionary pressures that have lead to gender differences EXCEPT |
| | A) | hunting |
| | B) | child care |
| | C) | power and status |
| | D) | mate selection |
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22 | |
Evolutionary pressures associated with hunting may have caused men to have better |
| | A) | spatial abilities |
| | B) | mathematical skills |
| | C) | abilities at handling aggression |
| | D) | both “a” and “b” |
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23 | |
Some psychologists suggest that selection based on aggression and dominance was an evolutionary pressure for |
| | A) | men only |
| | B) | men and women equally |
| | C) | women only |
| | D) | women more than men |
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24 | |
Evolutionary theories suggest that the raising of young children was more successful when women |
| | A) | lived with men away from other women |
| | B) | banded together in groups large enough to scare of predators |
| | C) | let men raise their children |
| | D) | were physically aggressive toward other women who were potential competition for their mates |
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25 | |
According to evolutionary theorists, the facts of reproductive life meant that the male’s level of parental investment was |
| | A) | the same as the female’s |
| | B) | more than the female’s |
| | C) | virtually nonexistent |
| | D) | less than the female’s |
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26 | |
Evolutionary theories are best thought of as |
| | A) | a biological basis for behavior |
| | B) | an intellectual framework for thinking about human behavior |
| | C) | testable theories |
| | D) | disproved by a variety of other theories on human behavior, such as the social-role theory |
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27 | |
The evolutionary theory and the social-role theory agree that |
| | A) | some biological gender differences led to a division of labor between the genders |
| | B) | biological differences were the most important factors in forming gender roles |
| | C) | men were more affected by biological differences, whereas women were more affected by social differences |
| | D) | men were more affected by stereotypes when selecting a mate, whereas women chose their mates based on biological needs |
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28 | |
Social theorists suggest that gender roles are maintained today by |
| | A) | biological processes in the brain not yet fully understood |
| | B) | genes |
| | C) | men and women who oppose social changes that threaten their power |
| | D) | socialization practices |
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29 | |
According to the research of Claude Steele (1997), people succeed in school subjects only when |
| | A) | they are encouraged to achieve |
| | B) | achievement is part of the person’s self-definition |
| | C) | achievement is not barred by social norms |
| | D) | social norms are challenged |
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30 | |
Research has shown that expectations of gender differences |
| | A) | can create gender differences in cognitive performance for both women and men |
| | B) | have no significant influence over cognitive performance |
| | C) | can create gender differences in cognitive performance for men but not for women |
| | D) | can create gender differences in cognitive performance for women but not for men |
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31 | |
According to studies, women in societies that permit them to inherit property and hold political office are |
| | A) | more likely to be socialized to be obedient |
| | B) | less likely to be socialized to be obedient |
| | C) | equally as likely to be socialized to be obedient |
| | D) | none of these: the studies were inconclusive |
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32 | |
According to studies, men in societies that permit them to have multiple wives are |
| | A) | less competitive |
| | B) | more competitive |
| | C) | equally as competitive |
| | D) | none of these: the studies were inconclusive |
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33 | |
Social-role theory is considered less well articulated than evolutionary theory because |
| | A) | it is based less on fact than conjecture |
| | B) | it is more difficult to prove |
| | C) | it has been proposed more recently |
| | D) | it discounts biological data |
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34 | |
Social-role theorists believe that biological differences helped create a division of labor long ago |
| | A) | but downplay the influence of contemporary biological influences on gender differences |
| | B) | and maintain that these differences continue to have an influence on gender differences today |
| | C) | but completely ignore the influence of contemporary biological influences on gender differences |
| | D) | and argue that these differences have an even stronger influence on gender differences today |
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35 | |
According to the text, gays and lesbians |
| | A) | take on gender roles of the opposite sex |
| | B) | seduce heterosexuals into becoming homosexual |
| | C) | tend to live in urban areas, instead of in suburban or rural areas |
| | D) | become homosexual because their first sexual experience is with a person of the same sex |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education