Chapter Objectives

Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to:

1. Define the term personality.

2. Distinguish among Allport's cardinal, central, secondary, and common traits, and compare Allport's approach with Cattell's trait theory.

3. List and describe the "big five" personality traits.

4. Distinguish among Freud's concepts of conscious mind, the preconscious mind, and the unconscious mind as part of his psychoanalytic theory.

5. Distinguish among the id, ego, and superego in Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

6. Distinguish among the processes Freud referred to as displacement, sublimation, and identification.

7. List and understand Freud's five psychosexual stages of development.

8. Understand Jung's theory of the mind; distinguish between extroversion and introversion and between personal unconscious and the collective unconscious.

9. Recognize the roles of inferiority feelings, social interest, and goals in Adler's personality theory.

10. Explain the role of anxious insecurity in the personality theory of Horney; recognize Horney's criticisms of Freud's view of women.

11. Discuss Bandura's social learning theory, including the roles of cognition in personality development.

12. Discuss the alternative explanations to trait theories called situationism and interactionism.

13. Identify the basic concepts of humanistic theory, including inner-directedness and subjectivity.

14. Distinguish between the "self" and the "ideal self" and understand the importance of congruence and conditions of worth in Rogers' personality theory.

15. Identify the characteristics of a self-actualized person according to Maslow.

16. Compare and contrast humanistic, psychoanalytic, and social learning theories of personality.

17. Understand how interviews and observational methods are used to assess personality.

18. Understand how projective tests are used and distinguish between the TAT and the Rorschach Inkblot Test.

19. Discuss the use of objective tests such as the MMPI-2.

20. Discuss the usefulness and accuracy of personality tests.

21. (From the Application section) Describe the role of situational influences in everyday life.

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