 |
1 | |
Which of the following helps define the term personality? |
| | A) | characteristics that are typical for a person |
| | B) | characteristics that make a person unique |
| | C) | acting, thinking, and feeling |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
2 | |
Allport calls the traits that influence and organize much of our behavior |
| | A) | cardinal traits |
| | B) | central traits |
| | C) | secondary traits |
| | D) | source traits |
|
|
3 | |
According to Freud, which part of the mind is composed mainly of life and death instincts? |
| | A) | id |
| | B) | ego |
| | C) | superego |
| | D) | none of these |
|
|
4 | |
Each of the following is considered to be one of the "big five" personality traits except |
| | A) | neuroticism |
| | B) | extraversion |
| | C) | conscientiousness |
| | D) | friendliness |
|
|
5 | |
According to Freud, primitive instinctual motives and repressed memories are stored in the |
| | A) | conscious mind |
| | B) | preconscious mind |
| | C) | unconscious mind |
| | D) | superego |
|
|
6 | |
According to Freud, information that you are not currently aware of that can be easily recalled into awareness resides in which part of the mind? |
| | A) | preconscious |
| | B) | conscious |
| | C) | unconscious |
| | D) | subconscious |
|
|
7 | |
The executive of the personality, which operates according to the reality principle, is the |
| | A) | id |
| | B) | ego |
| | C) | superego |
| | D) | none of the above |
|
|
8 | |
According to Freud, which part of the mind is dominated by the pleasure principle? |
| | A) | the id |
| | B) | the ego |
| | C) | superego |
| | D) | the superid |
|
|
9 | |
According to Freud, which part of the mind corresponds roughly to conscience? |
| | A) | the id |
| | B) | the ego |
| | C) | the superego |
| | D) | the superid |
|
|
10 | |
All of the following are examples of sublimation except |
| | A) | competing in contact sports |
| | B) | robbing a bank |
| | C) | painting nude portraits |
| | D) | competing in business |
|
|
11 | |
To prevent itself from being overwhelmed by excessive demands from the id and superego, the ego relies on |
| | A) | the Oedipus complex |
| | B) | defense mechanisms |
| | C) | the reality principle |
| | D) | the pleasure principle |
|
|
12 | |
According to Jung, the unconscious mind with which all humans are born is called the |
| | A) | innate id |
| | B) | collective unconscious |
| | C) | collective superego |
| | D) | electra complex |
|
|
13 | |
According to Adler, to develop a healthy personality it is necessary to learn to express |
| | A) | the social interest |
| | B) | the selfish interest |
| | C) | the superego |
| | D) | sexual and aggressive motives |
|
|
14 | |
According to Karen Horney |
| | A) | Anxious insecurity is the source of all conflicts. |
| | B) | Self-actualization is a basic human motive. |
| | C) | Conflict is the inevitable result of the inborn motives of the id. |
| | D) | We each possess both a personal unconscious and a collective unconscious. |
|
|
15 | |
To the social learning theorist, each of the following processes is important in the development of personality except |
| | A) | classical conditioning |
| | B) | operant conditioning |
| | C) | modeling |
| | D) | feelings of inferiority |
|
|
16 | |
According to Bandura, self-efficacy and self-regulation emphasize the importance of what determinant of behavior? |
| | A) | learning |
| | B) | traits |
| | C) | situations |
| | D) | cognitions |
|
|
17 | |
The mutual interaction between a person's behavior and his or her social learning environment is called |
| | A) | reciprocal determination |
| | B) | self-efficacy |
| | C) | self-regulation |
| | D) | efficient regulation |
|
|
18 | |
The view that behavior is influenced by characteristics of both the person and the situation is called |
| | A) | situationism |
| | B) | interactionism |
| | C) | the trait approach |
| | D) | a and b above |
|
|
19 | |
The humanistic view states that |
| | A) | humans possess an inner-directedness |
| | B) | humans possess an objective view of reality |
| | C) | people should not frustrate themselves by continually trying to change and improve |
| | D) | personality is dominated by an active unconscious |
|
|
20 | |
Rogers believes that differences between the self and the ideal self |
| | A) | are uncomfortable |
| | B) | lead to incongruence |
| | C) | lead to unsymbolized feelings |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
21 | |
Which approach to psychology is referred to as the "third force"? |
| | A) | psychoanalysis |
| | B) | social learning theory |
| | C) | humanistic theory |
| | D) | trait theory |
|
|
22 | |
Humanistic psychologists believe that people are born __________ , whereas social learning theorists believe that people are born . |
| | A) | good, selfish |
| | B) | selfish, good |
| | C) | neutral, good |
| | D) | good, neutral |
|
|
23 | |
Which of the following is a problem with the use of interviews as a method of personality assessment? |
| | A) | They are subjective. |
| | B) | They are artificial situations. |
| | C) | They may bring out atypical behavior. |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
24 | |
Which method of personality assessment attempts to delve into unconscious areas? |
| | A) | projective tests |
| | B) | interviews |
| | C) | objective tests |
| | D) | none of the above |
|
|
25 | |
Which of the following is an example of a projective personality test? |
| | A) | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
| | B) | Minnesota Multiphasic Personalty Inventory (MMPI-2) |
| | C) | Rorschach inkblot test |
| | D) | a and c above |
|
|
26 | |
Which of the following characterizes the MMPI-2? |
| | A) | It consists of multiple-choice and fill-in questions. |
| | B) | It is designed to reveal unconscious conflicts. |
| | C) | It allows for objective interpretation of the results. |
| | D) | The items are divided into 25 different "scales." |
|
|
27 | |
Which objective personality test can be used to assess depression? |
| | A) | MMPI-2 |
| | B) | TAT |
| | C) | interview |
| | D) | observation |
|
|
28 | |
Which of the following statements is correct? |
| | A) | projective tests are generally good predictors of behavior |
| | B) | psychologists generally agree about the usefulness of personality tests |
| | C) | objective personality tests are generally more effective than projective tests in distinguishing among groups with different traits |
| | D) | projective tests are generally more effective than objective tests in distinguishing among groups with different traits. |
|
|
29 | |
According to the text, most personality researchers agree that personality is influenced strongly by |
| | A) | traits |
| | B) | situations |
| | C) | situations and personal characteristics |
| | D) | human altruism |
|
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education