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1 | |
Which of the following topics would be studied by a social psychologist? |
| | A) | attractions to other people |
| | B) | the influence of groups on individual behavior |
| | C) | the formation of stereotypes and prejudices |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2 | |
The process in which group membership makes a person feel anonymous and unidentifiable is called |
| | A) | deindividuation |
| | B) | social facilitation |
| | C) | social impairment |
| | D) | polarization |
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3 | |
Each of the following is part of Latané and Darley's decision tree except |
| | A) | noticing that something is out of the ordinary |
| | B) | interpreting an event as an emergency |
| | C) | assuming responsibility |
| | D) | consulting with other bystanders |
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4 | |
According to Latané and Darley, the diffusion of responsibility created by groups affects what part of the decision tree? |
| | A) | noticing that something is out of the ordinary |
| | B) | assuming responsibility for helping |
| | C) | interpreting the event as an emergency |
| | D) | deciding whether or not the bystander knows how to help |
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5 | |
Social impairment is generally more likely to occur on what types of tasks? |
| | A) | easy tasks |
| | B) | well-learned tasks |
| | C) | tasks that involve motor skills |
| | D) | difficult tasks |
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6 | |
According to Latané and others, how does the effort exerted by individual members of a group compare with the effort exerted by individuals acting alone |
| | A) | Individuals exert more effort when in a group than when alone. |
| | B) | There are no significant differences. |
| | C) | Individuals exert less effort when in a group than when alone. |
| | D) | Approximately half work harder when in a group and half work harder when alone. |
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7 | |
Which of the following is more likely to occur with easily accomplished tasks? |
| | A) | social impairment |
| | B) | social facilitation |
| | C) | group polarization |
| | D) | deindividuation |
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8 | |
In a heated group discussion of politics, Carla is somewhat surprised to hear herself arguing for a more extreme position than she usually does. According to social psychologists, this is due to |
| | A) | polarization |
| | B) | groupthink |
| | C) | social loafing |
| | D) | a and c above |
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9 | |
Which of the following is a common result of group discussion? |
| | A) | polarization |
| | B) | taking more extreme positions |
| | C) | suggestions involving riskier options |
| | D) | all of the above |
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10 | |
The study of conformity by Asch found that |
| | A) | most participants refused to conform |
| | B) | most participants conformed at least part of the time |
| | C) | participants conformed both privately and outwardly |
| | D) | b and c above |
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11 | |
Many people will sacrifice their own beliefs rather than risk rejection by their peers. This is demonstrated by |
| | A) | Zimbardo's prison study |
| | B) | Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance |
| | C) | Asch's research on conformity |
| | D) | Ellis's theory of maladaptive cognitions |
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12 | |
The infamous “shock” experiment performed by Milgram was an example of which kind of experiment? |
| | A) | comparative |
| | B) | correlational |
| | C) | naturalistic |
| | D) | survey |
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13 | |
Milgram's studies demonstrated that people do what they are told when |
| | A) | they are under the grip of polarizatioon |
| | B) | they are unsure of themselves |
| | C) | asked by an authority figure |
| | D) | in stressful situations |
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14 | |
In Milgram's research on obedience, which of the following factors decreased participants' willingness to deliver shocks? |
| | A) | when the prestige of the experimenter was reduced |
| | B) | when the experimenter gave instructions by telephone |
| | C) | when the participant was in the presence of other participants who refused to deliver shocks |
| | D) | all of the above |
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15 | |
Each of the following is a component of the term attitude except |
| | A) | beliefs |
| | B) | facts |
| | C) | feelings |
| | D) | dispositions to behave |
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16 | |
Sleeper effects refer to the persuasiveness of |
| | A) | speakers who are low in credibility |
| | B) | speakers who are high in credibility |
| | C) | intelligent listeners |
| | D) | emotional appeals |
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17 | |
Which of the following approaches can make a fear-inducing communication more powerful? |
| | A) | if the emotional appeal is strong |
| | B) | if the listeners believe the feared outcome is likely to happen to them |
| | C) | if the message offers a way to avoid the fearful outcome |
| | D) | all of the above |
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18 | |
Each of the following is true regarding characteristics of an audience and persuasiveness of a message except |
| | A) | more intelligent audiences are generally easier to persuade |
| | B) | audiences with a high need for approval are generally easier to persuade |
| | C) | bigger audiences generally are easier to persuade |
| | D) | audiences with moderate levels of self-esteem are easier to persuade than people with high self-esteem |
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19 | |
Jason is a salesperson who begins his sales presentation with a small, reasonable request. He is using |
| | A) | cognitive dissonance |
| | B) | low-balling |
| | C) | the door-in-the-foot technique |
| | D) | the foot-in-the-door technique |
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20 | |
According to Festinger, cognitive dissonance is a phenomenon that |
| | A) | we seek because it makes us comfortable |
| | B) | we seek to avoid because it makes us uncomfortable |
| | C) | occurs when attitudes and behavior are consistent with each other |
| | D) | relies on attribution theory |
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21 | |
According to Festinger, cognitive dissonance is a phenomenon that |
| | A) | we seek because it makes us comfortable |
| | B) | we seek to avoid because it makes us uncomfortable |
| | C) | occurs when attitudes and behavior are consistent with each other |
| | D) | relies on attribution theory |
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22 | |
Stereotypes influence our explanations of behavior, according to |
| | A) | cognitive dissonance theory |
| | B) | attribution theory |
| | C) | attitudinal modification theory |
| | D) | dispositional modification theory |
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23 | |
Which of the following is a harmful effect of stereotypes? |
| | A) | Stereotypes permit us to treat each member of a group as an individual. |
| | B) | Stereotypes take away our ability to treat each member of a group as an individual. |
| | C) | Stereotypes lead to faulty attributions. |
| | D) | b and c above |
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24 | |
In a classic study, Sherif and colleagues showed that prejudice can arise between randomly divided students. This study demonstrated the explanation for prejudice called |
| | A) | unrealized conflict |
| | B) | groupthink |
| | C) | us versus them |
| | D) | deindividuation |
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25 | |
Increased contact between prejudiced groups is more effective if |
| | A) | the groups are equal in status |
| | B) | the groups are engaged in cooperative tasks |
| | C) | the contact is informal |
| | D) | all of the above |
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26 | |
The expression "First impressions are lasting impressions" refers to which person perception variable? |
| | A) | the primacy effect |
| | B) | negative information |
| | C) | individual differences in the evaluation of others |
| | D) | emotional states |
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27 | |
In the process of person perception, negative information |
| | A) | tends to leave a stronger impression |
| | B) | tends to leave a weak impression |
| | C) | is outweighed by positive traits |
| | D) | is not as long-lasting as positive information |
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28 | |
Ron is a salesperson who just made a big sale. He tells another salesperson, "The reason I'm such a successful salesperson is that I'm cheery, friendly, kind, and loyal." Which type of attribution is Ron using? |
| | A) | equitable attribution |
| | B) | dispositional attribution |
| | C) | situational attribution |
| | D) | none of the above |
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29 | |
Which of the following is a component of the fundamental attribution error? |
| | A) | the tendency to underestimate the impact of situations on others' behavior |
| | B) | the tendency to overestimate the impact of situations on others' behavior |
| | C) | the tendency to attribute our own behavior to situations |
| | D) | a and c above |
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30 | |
Which of the following expressions best summarizes interpersonal attraction? |
| | A) | "Birds of a feather flock together" |
| | B) | "Opposites attract" |
| | C) | both a and b above |
| | D) | none of the above |
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31 | |
With regard to romantic attraction, women place more emphasis than men on each of the following factors except |
| | A) | intelligence |
| | B) | character |
| | C) | physical attractiveness |
| | D) | education |
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32 | |
According to the text, many relationships move predictably from |
| | A) | companionate to passionate |
| | B) | passionate to companionate |
| | C) | romantic to passionate |
| | D) | sublime to ridiculous |
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33 | |
Equity theory states that partners will be comfortable in their relationship when the ratio between their perceived contributions and benefits is |
| | A) | balanced |
| | B) | uneven |
| | C) | similar |
| | D) | Equal |
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34 | |
The evidence presented by psychologist Susan Fiske in the Ann Hopkins lawsuit against Price Waterhouse suggested which of the following as a source of gender-based job discrimination? |
| | A) | Job performance is influenced by stereotyped beliefs about the genders. |
| | B) | Narrow expectations for behavior encouraged by gender stereotypes can contribute to workplace discrimination. |
| | C) | Faulty attributions based on gender stereotypes operate in the workplace. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education