Chapter Objectives

Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to:

1. Understand the importance of the neuron and differentiate among the neuron's cell body, dendrite, and axon.

2. Summarize the processes of neural transmission and synaptic transmission.

3. Differentiate the central nervous system from the peripheral nervous system and explain the differences among afferent neurons, efferent neurons, and interneurons.

4. List the functions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems and describe the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

5. Describe the techniques that provide images of the brain and brain functions.

6. List the three major divisions of the brain and know their subcomponents.

7. Explain the basic functions of the hindbrain and midbrain.

8. Summarize the functions of the regions of the forebrain, specifically the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebral cortex.

9. Identify the location and functions of the four cortical lobes and the association areas of the cerebral cortex.

10. Explain how the two cerebral hemispheres communicate and describe the changes that occur if the corpus callosum is severed.

11. Discuss the role of the cerebral cortex in processing intellectual and emotional information.

12. Identify examples of the brain acting as an interactive system and explain the differences between parallel and serial processing.

13. Identify the endocrine glands and understand how the endocrine system communicates and how it regulates body processes.

14. Identify the hormones related to each endocrine gland and understand their functions.

15. Know the relationship between genes and chromosomes and understand how dominant and recessive genes affect physical and behavioral traits.

16. Summarize the role of twin studies and adoption studies in genetic research.

17. Understand inheritance in terms of its influence on personality development and abnormal behavior.

18. (From the Application section) Describe the relationship between the brain and mental disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

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