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Essentials of Psychology
Benjamin B Lahey, University of Chicago
Sensation and Perception

Learning Objectives

Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to:

1. Distinguish between sensation and perception and define sense organ, sensory receptor, and stimulus.

2. Define transduction.

3. Compare and contrast the absolute threshold and the difference threshold.

4. Understand sensory adaptation.

5. Define psychophysics and understand Weber's law.

6. Understand the nature of light.

7. Describe how the different parts of the eye work together to produce vision.

8. Describe the roles played by the rods and cones in both dark adaptation and light adaptation.

9. Compare and contrast the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory of color vision, describing the evidence for each.

10. Understand the nature of sound.

11. Explain how different parts of the ear work together to produce audition (hearing).

12. Describe the roles played by the vestibular organ and the kinesthetic receptors in providing information about orientation and movement.

13. List the four different general types of skin receptors and describe the three types of stimuli that can be detected by the skin.

14. Explain the gate control theory of pain and describe the role played by endorphins in "runners high," acupuncture, and placebos.

15. Define phantom limb pain and identify its possible causes.

16. List the basic taste sensations and identify other factors that influence our perception of taste.

17. List the seven primary qualities of odors and explain the role of pheromones in regulating behavior.

18. Name and describe the five Gestalt principles of perceptual organization.

19. Describe the four kinds of perceptual constancy.

20. Identify the monocular cues and binocular cues of depth perception.

21. Distinguish between the visual illusions and describe how they are produced.

22. Identify how individual and cultural factors influence perception.

23. (From the Application section) Discuss the relationship between visual perception, illusions, and art.








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