Chapter Objectives

Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to:

1. Define consciousness and compare directed consciousness, flowing consciousness, and daydreams.

2. Explain Hilgard's concept of divided consciousness.

3. Identify the characteristics of the unconscious mind.

4. List and describe the stages of sleep.

5. Compare and contrast REM sleep and non-REM sleep features.

6. Describe what is understood about the content and meaning of dreams.

7. Describe the theories that seek to explain why we sleep and dream.

8. Describe the following sleep phenomena: nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, and sleeptalking.

9. Distinguish among the following sleep disorders: insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea.

10. Explain circadian and other rhythms and describe the consequences of interrupting circadian rhythms.

11. List the characteristics of altered states of consciousness.

12. Describe the meditation process and the controversy regarding the benefits of meditation.

13. Identify the characteristics of the hypnotic state and describe the relationship between mesmerism and hypnosis.

14. Describe depersonalization and astral projection.

15. Describe the reports of individuals who have had near-death experiences.

16. List the variables that influence individual responses to drugs.

17. Describe the risks associated with drug use.

18. Name the four major categories of psychotropic drugs.

19. Explain the effects of stimulants and compare the effects of amphetamines and cocaine.

20. Identify depressant drugs and compare their various effects.

21. Describe the effects of inhalants, hallucinogens, and marijuana.

22. Differentiate between act-alike and designer drugs and explain the dangers of polydrug abuse.

23. (From the Application section) Discuss the issues regarding legal consciousness-altering drugs.

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