Learning Objectives

Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to:

1. Identify the key features of the definition of learning.

2. Identify the significant elements in Pavlov's study of classical conditioning; for example, association.

3. Define classical conditioning and its terminology, including UCS, UCR, CS, and CR.

4. Identify applications of classical conditioning and their importance.

5. Identify and define the processes involved in operant conditioning as well as its connection to the "law of effect."

6. Understand how positive reinforcement is influenced by timing, consistency, and individual preferences.

7. Distinguish between primary reinforcement and secondary reinforcement.

8. Compare and contrast the four schedules of reinforcement: fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval.

9. Understand the process of shaping.

10. Define negative reinforcement, and compare escape conditioning to avoidance conditioning.

11. List the dangers of using punishment and identify guidelines for the appropriate use of punishment.

12. Understand the differences between classical and operant conditioning.

13. Distinguish between stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization.

14. Identify how extinction occurs.

15. Understand how spontaneous recovery and disinhibition are related to extinction.

16. Compare the cognitive and connectionist interpretations of learning.

17. Know the characteristics of place learning, latent learning, insight learning, and learning sets.

18. Define modeling and explain the roles of vicarious reinforcement and vicarious punishment in learning.

19. Know how biological factors affect learning, including learned taste aversions.

20. (From the Application section) Determine the roles of superstitious behavior and learned helplessness in "learning the wrong things."

2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGraw-Hill Companies.