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1 | |
Which of the following is not a stage in the information-processing model of memory? |
| | A) | short-term memory |
| | B) | long-term memory |
| | C) | episodic memory |
| | D) | sensory register |
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2 | |
According to the information-processing model, attention serves as a |
| | A) | temporary memory buffer |
| | B) | control mechanism |
| | C) | retrieval mechanism |
| | D) | sensory register |
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3 | |
The sensory register has all of the following characteristics except |
| | A) | Visual information lasts about a quarter of a second. |
| | B) | It holds an exact image of each sensory experience. |
| | C) | Auditory information lasts about 4 seconds. |
| | D) | The capacity is 7 ± 2 bits of information. |
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4 | |
Which of the following BEST describes the memory capacity of the sensory register? |
| | A) | capacity is limited on the average to 7 chunks of information |
| | B) | there is the potential for partial recall of everything ever experienced in episodic memory |
| | C) | designed to hold an exact image of the sensory experience |
| | D) | it depends on the effort put into the process of attention |
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5 | |
Suppose that you call the information operator to find a friend's phone number. When you dial your friend's number, you get a busy signal. Later, when you start to dial the number again, you realize you have forgotten it. This experience probably occurred because the phone number was only temporarily stored in your |
| | A) | short-term memory |
| | B) | long-term memory |
| | C) | sensory register |
| | D) | none of the above |
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6 | |
One technique to help overcome the limited capacity of STM is called |
| | A) | chunking |
| | B) | rehearsal |
| | C) | working memory |
| | D) | semantic codes |
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7 | |
Working memory is a special function of |
| | A) | the sensory register |
| | B) | short-term memory |
| | C) | long-term memory |
| | D) | any of the above |
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8 | |
The phone number discussed in question 5 probably could have been remembered for a longer period if you had practiced |
| | A) | chunking |
| | B) | repression |
| | C) | rehearsal |
| | D) | a and c |
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9 | |
Each of the following is true regarding differences between STM and LTM except |
| | A) | information in LTM is indexed |
| | B) | information in STM is stored in terms of physical qualities |
| | C) | information in LTM may be permanent |
| | D) | information in LTM s primarily stored in the frontal lobes of the cortex |
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10 | |
Although short-term memory stores information in terms of physical qualities, long-term memory stores information in terms of |
| | A) | acoustic codes |
| | B) | semantic codes |
| | C) | attitudes |
| | D) | all of the above |
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11 | |
You remember some specific football plays from the first half of last week's game; this is |
| | A) | episodic memory |
| | B) | procedural memory |
| | C) | semantic memory |
| | D) | all of the above |
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12 | |
What do episodic and semantic memories have in common? |
| | A) | they are forms of working memory |
| | B) | they are easily described in words |
| | C) | they can easily be retrieved |
| | D) | they are forms of procedural memory |
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13 | |
Which characteristic of long-term memory facilitates the retrieval of information? |
| | A) | unlimited capacity |
| | B) | the organization of material |
| | C) | the chunking of information |
| | D) | the ability of long-term memory to store procedural information |
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14 | |
Which concept states that memories are linked together through experience? |
| | A) | semantic memory |
| | B) | reconstructive memory |
| | C) | associative network |
| | D) | serial forgetting |
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15 | |
When you get to the grocery store, you realize you left your shopping list at home. According to the serial position effect, the items on the list you are most likely recall are |
| | A) | at the beginning of the list |
| | B) | in the middle of the list |
| | C) | at the end of the list |
| | D) | a and c |
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16 | |
The "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon appears to be caused by a problem in |
| | A) | retrieval |
| | B) | engrams |
| | C) | storage |
| | D) | repression |
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17 | |
The type of remembering necessary to correctly answer this multiple choice question is |
| | A) | recall |
| | B) | recognition |
| | C) | relearning |
| | D) | rehearsal |
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18 | |
Which of the following is a way of testing retrieval of long-term memories? |
| | A) | recall |
| | B) | recognition |
| | C) | relearning |
| | D) | all of the above |
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19 | |
The process of reading material and relating it to previous learning or to your own life is called |
| | A) | rehearsal |
| | B) | consolidation |
| | C) | elaboration |
| | D) | chunking |
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20 | |
The levels of processing model states that deep processing involves greater than shallow processing. |
| | A) | rehearsal |
| | B) | engrams |
| | C) | consolidation |
| | D) | elaboration |
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21 | |
Which theory suggests that forgetting is caused by a fading memory trace? |
| | A) | schema theory |
| | B) | repression |
| | C) | decay theory |
| | D) | interference theory |
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22 | |
The expression "You can't teach an old dog new tricks" would support which theory of forgetting"? |
| | A) | repression |
| | B) | retroactive interference |
| | C) | proactive interference |
| | D) | pass interference |
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23 | |
After having the same phone number for years, you move and get a different, but similar, phone number. Retroactive interference would be demonstrated by your difficulty in remembering |
| | A) | the new phone number |
| | B) | the old phone number |
| | C) | either phone number |
| | D) | your new address |
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24 | |
Research on memories that become distorted to fit our schema indicates that this process occurs during |
| | A) | the formation of memories |
| | B) | the process of retrieval |
| | C) | proactive inhibition |
| | D) | repression |
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25 | |
Mike thinks of himself as a good fisherman. His friends have noticed that every time he tells the story about the "big one" he caught a few years ago, he seems to remember the fish as larger and larger, and the experience as more and more dramatic. Mike's behavior is consistent with which theory of forgetting? |
| | A) | decay |
| | B) | interference |
| | C) | schema |
| | D) | repression |
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26 | |
The theory of forgetting that suggests that the conscious mind pushes information into the unconscious is called |
| | A) | decay |
| | B) | schema theory |
| | C) | interference |
| | D) | repression |
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27 | |
The vivid recall of a negative emotional experience is called a |
| | A) | flashbulb memory |
| | B) | flashback |
| | C) | reconstructive flash |
| | D) | none of the above |
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28 | |
According to Hebb, the process that creates unique patterns of neural activity that reverberate through neural loops, thus making synapses more efficient, is called |
| | A) | the engram |
| | B) | anterograde amnesia |
| | C) | the memory loop |
| | D) | synaptic facilitation |
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29 | |
Simple forms of learning, such as classical conditioning of the gill withdrawal reflex in the sea snail, appear to physically take place |
| | A) | in the creature's hippocampus |
| | B) | only in creatures without a brain |
| | C) | at the synaptic level |
| | D) | outside of the nervous system |
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30 | |
An inability to store and/or retrieve new information in long-term memory is characteristic of |
| | A) | RNA |
| | B) | anterograde amnesia |
| | C) | retrograde amnesia |
| | D) | retroactive amnesia |
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31 | |
A key brain structure that is often damaged in patients with anterograde amnesia is the |
| | A) | hippocampus |
| | B) | cerebral cortex |
| | C) | hypothalamus |
| | D) | amygdala |
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32 | |
Korsakoff's syndrome |
| | A) | is caused by prolonged thiamine deficiency |
| | B) | is characterized by anterograde and retrograde amnesia |
| | C) | is characterized by confabulation |
| | D) | all of the above |
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33 | |
Neuroscientists researching the causes of Alzheimer's disease have identified which of the following as playing an important role in the formation of memory? |
| | A) | dopamine |
| | B) | caffeine |
| | C) | acetylcholine |
| | D) | epinephrine |
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34 | |
According to the work of Loftus and others in the area of eyewitness testimony, |
| | A) | eyewitnesses are likely to repress traumatic information |
| | B) | eyewitnesses are strongly influenced by decay theory |
| | C) | eyewitnesses are not easily misled |
| | D) | eyewitnesses can be misled when they are asked misleading questions. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education