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1 | |
Which of the following is an important characteristic of cognition? |
| | A) | Cognition processes information |
| | B) | Cognition is active |
| | C) | Cognition is functional |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2 | |
If a concept has two or more common characteristics present at the same time, it is a |
| | A) | disjunctive concept |
| | B) | conjunctive concept |
| | C) | natural concept |
| | D) | novel concept |
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3 | |
Which of the following is part of the process of concept formation? |
| | A) | Hypotheses about the defining characteristics of the concept are tested |
| | B) | Positive instances are examined |
| | C) | Negative instances are examined |
| | D) | all of the above |
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4 | |
According to Eleanor Rosch, basic concepts |
| | A) | are very inclusive |
| | B) | are difficult to name |
| | C) | share many common attributes |
| | D) | rarely share similar shapes |
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5 | |
Which of the following represents the proper sequence of cognitive operations involved in problem solving? |
| | A) | generate and evaluate solutions, formulate the problem, understand the elements |
| | B) | understand the elements, generate and evaluate solutions, formulate the problem |
| | C) | formulate the problem, generate and evaluate solutions, understand the elements |
| | D) | formulate the problem, understand the elements, generate and evaluate solutions |
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6 | |
Amy is trying to solve a problem by using a strategy that guarantees a correct solution. The technique she is using is |
| | A) | algorithms |
| | B) | representativeness |
| | C) | heuristics |
| | D) | availability |
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7 | |
Voting for a candidate based on having heard her on TV rather than on having systematically studied the viewpoints of all the candidates is problem solving based on |
| | A) | algorithms |
| | B) | convergence |
| | C) | divergence |
| | D) | heuristics |
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8 | |
Which problem solving method involves reasoning based on information that is available in memory? |
| | A) | trial-and-error |
| | B) | algorithms |
| | C) | the availability heuristic |
| | D) | the representativeness heuristic |
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9 | |
Framing refers to |
| | A) | the decision to use heuristics or algorithms |
| | B) | the usefulness of trial-and-error |
| | C) | artificial intelligence |
| | D) | the way a question or problem is posed |
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10 | |
People who are creative tend to use |
| | A) | convergent thinking |
| | B) | divergent thinking |
| | C) | subordinate thinking |
| | D) | little or no thinking |
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11 | |
Which of the following contains the underlying meaning in a statement? |
| | A) | deep structure |
| | B) | surface structure |
| | C) | phonemes |
| | D) | syntax |
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12 | |
When we say that language is generative, we mean that |
| | A) | it is passed down from generation to generation |
| | B) | novel language utterances generate new thoughts |
| | C) | there is no limit to what can be said |
| | D) | dialects change over several generations |
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13 | |
Which of the following is the correct sequence used by children in language development? |
| | A) | morphemes, phonemes, and then syntax |
| | B) | syntax, phonemes, and then morphemes |
| | C) | phonemes, morphemes, and then syntax |
| | D) | syntax, morphemes, and then phonemes |
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14 | |
The Whorfian hypothesis |
| | A) | was strongly supported by Rosch's research with the Dani tribe |
| | B) | was not supported by Rosch's research |
| | C) | was not supported by research regarding labels for personality types and their influence on how we think about people |
| | D) | is just the opposite of the linguistic relativity hypothesis |
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15 | |
Although apes have been taught American Sign Language (ASL), many researchers contend |
| | A) | they can't communicate with each other |
| | B) | they rarely express their emotions |
| | C) | they show little evidence of understanding syntax |
| | D) | they are unable to teach other apes ASL |
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16 | |
The term g refers to the idea that intelligence |
| | A) | is made of genetically inherited abilities |
| | B) | may be grouped into subcategories |
| | C) | has a basic general component |
| | D) | was developed by Sir Francis Galton |
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17 | |
According to Gardner, which of the following is a type of intelligence? |
| | A) | linguistic |
| | B) | spatial |
| | C) | kinesthetic |
| | D) | all of the above |
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18 | |
According to Sternberg, each of the following is a cognitive component of intelligent behavior except |
| | A) | encode |
| | B) | verify |
| | C) | apply |
| | D) | respond |
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19 | |
Which type of intelligence improves throughout an adult's working years? |
| | A) | fluid |
| | B) | musical |
| | C) | kinesthetic |
| | D) | crystallized |
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20 | |
Each of the following is true regarding intelligence tests except |
| | A) | the first tests were developed by Binet |
| | B) | there is widespread agreement concerning he definition of intelligence |
| | C) | intelligence tests do a good job of predicting success in school |
| | D) | intelligence tests use a small sample of some of the cognitive abilities that comprise intelligence. |
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21 | |
Joe has a mental age of 10 and a chronological age of 8. His ratio IQ score is |
| | A) | 80 |
| | B) | 100 |
| | C) | 120 |
| | D) | 125 |
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22 | |
When a test measures what it claims to measure it is |
| | A) | valid |
| | B) | reliable |
| | C) | standardized |
| | D) | objective |
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23 | |
Every time Sally took the SAT tests, her scores were exactly the same. This means the SAT tests have a high degree of _______ for Sally. |
| | A) | standardization |
| | B) | reliability |
| | C) | validity |
| | D) | meaning |
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24 | |
The ability to solve everyday problems is referred to as |
| | A) | crystallized intelligence |
| | B) | fluid intelligence |
| | C) | kinesthetic intelligence |
| | D) | tacit intelligence |
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25 | |
Research conducted with twins as well as with adopted children has tended to support the influence of which factor on intelligence? |
| | A) | environment |
| | B) | learning |
| | C) | heredity |
| | D) | none of the above |
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26 | |
According to the text, a strong positive correlation exists between IQ and success in |
| | A) | education |
| | B) | tacit knowledge |
| | C) | occupations |
| | D) | a and c above |
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27 | |
Each of following is suggested as a possible reason for the recent increase in intelligence scores except |
| | A) | improved health and nutrition |
| | B) | smaller families |
| | C) | greater selectivity in marriage partners |
| | D) | greater environmental complexity |
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28 | |
According to the authors of The Bell Curve |
| | A) | intelligence will become less important in our society as computers do more and more work |
| | B) | technology is helping to shrink the gap between rich and poor |
| | C) | IQ is a poor predictor of success in school |
| | D) | the future will see a widening gap between those who are intelligent and affluent people and those who are less intelligent and less affluent |
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29 | |
The longitudinal study of highly intelligent people initiated by Louis Terman has revealed |
| | A) | that the intellectually gifted have a greater likelihood of experiencing mental disorders |
| | B) | no significant differences in achievement when compared with a group of normal IQ individuals |
| | C) | that the gifted group was shorter than average |
| | D) | higher achievements and lower death rates for the intellectually gifted |
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30 | |
Each of the following is an effective strategy for improving critical thinking except |
| | A) | break out of unproductive mental sets |
| | B) | try to engage in more heuristic thinking |
| | C) | increase your mental effort |
| | D) | try to formulate the problem in two different ways |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education