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1 | |
The debate among psychologists regarding the relative contributions of environment and heredity to the developmental process is called |
| | A) | the critical period |
| | B) | the nature-nurture controversy |
| | C) | the stage controversy |
| | D) | behaviorism |
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2 | |
Research on toilet training conducted with identical twins illustrates the importance of which developmental factor? |
| | A) | maturation |
| | B) | imprinting |
| | C) | nurture |
| | D) | genetics |
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3 | |
Lorenz observed that after hatching, baby goslings will follow any moving object to which they are exposed. He called this behavior |
| | A) | maturation |
| | B) | exprinting |
| | C) | imprinting |
| | D) | follow-the-leader |
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4 | |
Research conducted by the Harlows underscores the profound importance of |
| | A) | imprinting |
| | B) | maturation |
| | C) | early experience |
| | D) | all of the above |
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5 | |
With regard to variation in development, the text asserts that |
| | A) | different children develop at different rates |
| | B) | children vary in their own rate of development from one period to the next |
| | C) | little variation exists between children beyond the age of seven |
| | D) | a and b above |
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6 | |
Each of the following is a belief of stage theorists except |
| | A) | as children progress through the stages, the differences between children are qualitative |
| | B) | as children progress through the stages, the differences are quantitative |
| | C) | children pass through the same stages in the same order |
| | D) | stages are biologically programmed to unfold |
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7 | |
According to Kohlberg, at what level of moral development would a child most likely be concerned about pleasing his parents and teachers? |
| | A) | the preconventional level |
| | B) | the premoral level |
| | C) | the conventional level |
| | D) | the principled level |
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8 | |
According to Gilligan, a woman in the most advanced stage of moral development experiences morality as |
| | A) | individual survival |
| | B) | self-sacrifice |
| | C) | inequality |
| | D) | equality |
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9 | |
Which theorist is most likely to suggest that important gender differences exist in moral development? |
| | A) | Gilligan |
| | B) | Kohlberg |
| | C) | Piaget |
| | D) | Erikson |
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10 | |
The stage during which Erikson believes a child learns to meet the demands imposed by society is |
| | A) | basic trust vs. mistrust |
| | B) | autonomy vs. shame and doubt |
| | C) | industry vs. inferiority |
| | D) | identity vs. role confusion |
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11 | |
A child who failed to learn multiplication and division in grade school did not successfully complete which of Erikson's stages of personality development? |
| | A) | autonomy vs. shame and doubt |
| | B) | integrity vs. despair |
| | C) | industry vs. inferiority |
| | D) | initiative vs. guilt |
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12 | |
The neonatal period refers to the first |
| | A) | 2 hours of life |
| | B) | 2 days of life |
| | C) | 2 weeks of life |
| | D) | 2 months of life |
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13 | |
What BEST distinguishes the infancy stage from other stages of development? |
| | A) | physical growth is most rapid in the first year |
| | B) | cognitive growth is 5 times greater than in any other developmental stage |
| | C) | emotions are fully developed before the next developmental stage |
| | D) | it is the only stage that has no emotional development |
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14 | |
Which of the following is not developed during the infancy period? |
| | A) | object permanence |
| | B) | telegraphic speech |
| | C) | separation anxiety |
| | D) | transductive reasoning |
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15 | |
Which of the following is characteristic of the preoperational child? |
| | A) | the child is egocentric |
| | B) | the child uses transductive reasoning |
| | C) | the child is capable of abstract thought |
| | D) | a and b above |
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16 | |
Which of the following describes the correct developmental sequence of play? |
| | A) | parallel play, solitary play, cooperative play |
| | B) | solitary play, cooperative play, parallel play |
| | C) | solitary play, parallel play, cooperative play |
| | D) | cooperative play, solitary play, parallel play |
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17 | |
Friendship groups or cliques begin to develop during which of the stages of cognitive development? |
| | A) | preoperational |
| | B) | concrete operational |
| | C) | sensorimotor |
| | D) | formal operational |
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18 | |
The recognition that the volume of water remains the same whether it is in a short, wide beaker, or a long, narrow beaker is called |
| | A) | reversibility |
| | B) | conservation |
| | C) | decentering |
| | D) | formal operations |
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19 | |
Which of the following is not a primary sex characteristic? |
| | A) | ovulation in females |
| | B) | lowering of the voice in males |
| | C) | menstruation in females |
| | D) | production of sperm in males |
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20 | |
The concepts of liberty and justice can be understood by an adolescent who |
| | A) | has achieved the concrete operational stage |
| | B) | has achieved the formal operational stage |
| | C) | does not exhibit pseudostupidity |
| | D) | does not exhibit hypocrisy |
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21 | |
Debbie, an adolescent, feels that she is the only person in the world who has ever had a crush on the boy who sits next to her, argued with her parents, and had complexion problems. Which component of adolescent egocentrism is she experiencing? |
| | A) | imaginary audience |
| | B) | personal fable |
| | C) | hypocrisy |
| | D) | pseudostupidity |
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22 | |
In which of the following areas do adolescents have more challenges when compared with younger and older individuals? |
| | A) | parent-child conflicts |
| | B) | mood changes |
| | C) | risky behavior |
| | D) | all of the above |
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23 | |
Which of the following cognitive abilities improves throughout adulthood? |
| | A) | reasoning about everyday problems |
| | B) | knowledge of facts and word meanings |
| | C) | abstract problem solving and divergent thinking |
| | D) | general recall |
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24 | |
Compared to individuals in their 20s, individuals in their 70s showed declines in |
| | A) | knowledge of word meanings |
| | B) | understanding mathematical concepts |
| | C) | solving life problems |
| | D) | fluid intelligence |
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25 | |
Adult personalities are likely to change in each of the following areas except |
| | A) | enjoyment of being with other people |
| | B) | becoming more dependable |
| | C) | becoming more candid |
| | D) | becoming more accepting of life's hardships |
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26 | |
Jerry, age 67, and Al, age 65, are acquaintances. Jerry feels his life is meaningful and enjoys his existence, but he has noticed that Al has lately withdrawn and sees his life as a "bunch of unmet goals." These individuals illustrate which of Erikson's stages? |
| | A) | basic trust vs. mistrust |
| | B) | intimacy vs. isolation |
| | C) | generativity vs. stagnation |
| | D) | integrity vs. despair |
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27 | |
Hank, age 47, has recently changed careers and has joined a health club. His behavior falls into which of Levinson's stages? |
| | A) | entering middle adulthood |
| | B) | midlife transition |
| | C) | age 50 transition |
| | D) | settling down |
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28 | |
Each of the following is true regarding the climacteric except |
| | A) | it eventually leads to menopause in women |
| | B) | it is characterized by a decline in the reproductive capacity of men |
| | C) | about half of women experience discomfort during menopause |
| | D) | there are widespread psychological and sexual effects in men |
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29 | |
Common myths about menopause include |
| | A) | the body will rapidly age after menopause |
| | B) | menopause is associated with an increase in illness |
| | C) | sexual interest decreases after menopause |
| | D) | all of the above |
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30 | |
In the Terman study, which personality factor was MOST associated with early death? |
| | A) | conscientiousness |
| | B) | cheerfulness |
| | C) | dependability |
| | D) | truthfulness |
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31 | |
The final stage of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's theory is labeled |
| | A) | denial |
| | B) | bargaining |
| | C) | acceptance |
| | D) | none of the above |
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32 | |
According to Baumrind, the best behaved and happiest children have parents who use what style of parenting? |
| | A) | authoritarian |
| | B) | permissive |
| | C) | authoritative |
| | D) | disciplinarian |
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33 | |
The "two-way street" concept in childrearing suggests that |
| | A) | both mothers and fathers need to accept responsibility for childrearing |
| | B) | parents need to be consistent in their childrearing approaches with all their children |
| | C) | children act as important influences on their siblings |
| | D) | children's behavior affects their parents' behavior just as parents' behavior affects their children's behavior |
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34 | |
According to research comparing children in day-care centers versus children raised by mothers in their own homes, the biggest differences were found in the children's |
| | A) | physical health |
| | B) | intellectual development |
| | C) | attachment |
| | D) | none of the above |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education