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1 | |
An internal state or condition that activates and gives direction to our thoughts is called |
| | A) | motivation |
| | B) | emotion |
| | C) | aggression |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2 | |
Homeostatic mechanisms are involved in |
| | A) | drinking |
| | B) | eating |
| | C) | maintaining body temperature |
| | D) | all of the above |
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3 | |
Each of the following is a primary motive except |
| | A) | hunger |
| | B) | thirst |
| | C) | avoidance of pain |
| | D) | desire to be competent |
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4 | |
Hyperphagic rats are the result of |
| | A) | surgically destroyed satiety centers in the hypothalamus |
| | B) | surgically destroyed feeding centers in the hypothalamus |
| | C) | artificially raised blood sugar levels |
| | D) | blood fat levels that have been lowered |
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5 | |
Each of the following is a cue that helps the hypothalamus regulate eating except |
| | A) | stomach contractions |
| | B) | blood sugar levels |
| | C) | red blood cell levels |
| | D) | body fat levels |
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6 | |
According to the text, which of the following is a psychological factor in hunger? |
| | A) | incentives |
| | B) | learning |
| | C) | anxiety |
| | D) | all of the above |
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7 | |
Each of the following is a cue in regulating drinking except |
| | A) | mouth dryness |
| | B) | cell fluid levels |
| | C) | blood sugar levels |
| | D) | total blood volume |
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8 | |
What happens when cell fluid levels in the body decrease? |
| | A) | sodium salts draw water out of cells |
| | B) | the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to secrete ADH |
| | C) | the hypothalamus signals the cerebral cortex to initiate a search for liquids |
| | D) | all of the above |
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9 | |
The general preference among humans to be with others is called the |
| | A) | affiliation motive |
| | B) | need for achievement |
| | C) | need for self-actualization |
| | D) | group motive |
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10 | |
According to Elliot and Church, the key elements in achievement motivation include each of the following except |
| | A) | mastery goals |
| | B) | achievement goals |
| | C) | performance-approach goals |
| | D) | performance-avoidance goals |
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11 | |
According to Schachter, when subjects are anxious, their need to affiliate with others |
| | A) | increases |
| | B) | decreases |
| | C) | virtually disappears |
| | D) | is not changed |
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12 | |
An effective performance is more likely if the level of arousal is suitable for the activity, according to the |
| | A) | optimal level of arousal |
| | B) | performance-arousal model |
| | C) | Yerkes-Dodson law |
| | D) | James-Lange theory of motivation |
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13 | |
Arousal is linked to what brain structures? |
| | A) | the amygdala |
| | B) | the reticular formation |
| | C) | the sympathetic nervous system |
| | D) | b and c above |
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14 | |
If a young businesswoman is concerned about the impact of having a great career and how the career might affect later romantic relationships, she could be typified as having |
| | A) | high extrinsic motivation |
| | B) | fear of failure |
| | C) | low need for achievement |
| | D) | a fear of success |
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15 | |
High levels of fear of success were correlated with high |
| | A) | extrinsic motivation |
| | B) | fear of failure |
| | C) | self-esteem |
| | D) | self-actualization |
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16 | |
Many first-generation college students are perceived by their friends and family as |
| | A) | moving into a new social class |
| | B) | overly ambitious |
| | C) | intrinsically motivated |
| | D) | self-actualized |
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17 | |
People who donate anonymously to charity are probably motivated by |
| | A) | intrinsic motivation |
| | B) | extrinsic motivation |
| | C) | biological motivation |
| | D) | affective habituation |
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18 | |
If an individual is already intrinsically motivated to perform an activity, adding an extrinsic reward will probably |
| | A) | sharply increase the intrinsic motivation |
| | B) | increase both the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation |
| | C) | decrease the intrinsic motivation |
| | D) | none of the above |
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19 | |
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be met before all other needs? |
| | A) | self-actualization |
| | B) | safety |
| | C) | self-esteem |
| | D) | biological |
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20 | |
According to Maslow, the highest motive people can experience is |
| | A) | biological |
| | B) | intellectual |
| | C) | self-esteem |
| | D) | self-actualization |
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21 | |
According to the text, each of the following is a component of the definition of emotion except |
| | A) | a stimulus situation that provokes the reaction |
| | B) | a positively or negatively toned conscious experience |
| | C) | physiological arousal |
| | D) | a deep-seated unconscious response |
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22 | |
According to Watson and Tellegen's emotional map, all human emotions can be thought of as different combinations of what? |
| | A) | love and hate |
| | B) | happiness and sadness |
| | C) | positive and negative emotions |
| | D) | arousal and experience |
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23 | |
Which two intense negative emotions are close together on the Watson and Tellegen emotional map? |
| | A) | happy and sluggish |
| | B) | surprised and relaxed |
| | C) | fearful and angry |
| | D) | happy and sad |
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24 | |
Information from a stimulus travels first to the ______, where it can be interpreted and experienced. |
| | A) | limbic system |
| | B) | cerebral cortex |
| | C) | autonomic nervous system |
| | D) | hippocampus |
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25 | |
Schachter and Singer believe that emotional arousal is |
| | A) | diffuse and specific to the different emotions. |
| | B) | diffuse and not specific to the different emotions. |
| | C) | concentrated and specific to the different emotions. |
| | D) | concentrated and not specific to the different emotions. |
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26 | |
Most psychologists believe that at least the most basic emotions are |
| | A) | learned primarily through social experiences. |
| | B) | learned primarily from parents. |
| | C) | inborn and do not have to be learned. |
| | D) | different from culture to culture. |
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27 | |
Which of the following processes may influence the role of learning in our emotions? |
| | A) | modeling |
| | B) | reinforcement |
| | C) | classical conditioning |
| | D) | all of the above |
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28 | |
By studying different cultures, psychologists have concluded that learning influences |
| | A) | the development of basic emotions |
| | B) | do not affect the interpretation of emotions |
| | C) | have had no effect on how emotions are displayed |
| | D) | the expression of emotions |
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29 | |
Which of the following is true regarding the roles of learning and culture on emotions? |
| | A) | Learning and culture play minimal roles, since all emotions are genetic |
| | B) | Cultural learning influences the expression of emotions |
| | C) | Learning affects our emotional reactions to various stimuli |
| | D) | b and c above |
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30 | |
Which explanation of aggression involves the process of catharsis? |
| | A) | Freud's instinct theory |
| | B) | the frustration-aggression hypothesis |
| | C) | social learning theory |
| | D) | social learning theory |
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31 | |
According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, aggression is a natural reaction to |
| | A) | frustration |
| | B) | pain |
| | C) | heat |
| | D) | all of the above |
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32 | |
Which of the following correctly summarizes the positions taken on televised violence? |
| | A) | Both the social learning and Freudian positions favor televised aggression as an outlet for people |
| | B) | Neither the social learning nor the Freudian positions view televised aggression favorably |
| | C) | The social learning theorists opposed televised aggression, while the Freudians view it as catharsis |
| | D) | The social learning theorists favor televised aggression while the Freudians oppose it |
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33 | |
Bandura's research on violence supports what type of explanation? |
| | A) | Freudian |
| | B) | genetic |
| | C) | social learning |
| | D) | all of the above |
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34 | |
According to the text, yo-yo dieting is |
| | A) | a reasonable way to lose a lot of weight quickly |
| | B) | effective because it moves the body's metabolism up and down |
| | C) | self-defeating and leads to a slowed metabolism |
| | D) | linked to anorexia nervosa |
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35 | |
According to the text, regular exercise is advantageous when dieting because it |
| | A) | can burn calories |
| | B) | helps the metabolism to fall while you are dieting |
| | C) | helps keep the metabolism from falling |
| | D) | a and c above |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education