Multiple Choice Quiz

In each of the following, select the phrase that best completes the statement:

1		All of the redheaded people in the United States are an example of a(n):
			A)	group
			B)	aggregate
			C)	category
			D)	formal organization
2		Close friends who have known each other since childhood would be an example of a(n):
			A)	primary group
			B)	secondary group
			C)	out-group
			D)	formal organization
3		_______________ groups often emerge in the workplace among those who share special understandings about their occupation.
			A)	primary
			B)	secondary
			C)	out-groups
			D)	formal organizations
4		The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups are stressed by:
			A)	functionalists
			B)	conflict theorists
			C)	interactionists
			D)	classical theorists
5		The purpose of a reference group is to serve a(n):
			A)	normative function by enforcing standards of conduct and belief
			B)	comparison function by serving as a standard against which people can measure themselves and others
			C)	elimination function by dissolving groups that no longer have a social purpose
			D)	both a and b
6		Which of the following statements about small groups is correct?
			A)	All small groups are primary groups.
			B)	All small groups are secondary groups.
			C)	Many small groups differ from primary groups in that they do not necessarily offer the intimate personal relationships characteristic of primary groups.
			D)	both b and c
7		In larger groups each person has:
			A)	less time to speak
			B)	more points of view to absorb
			C)	a more elaborate structure within which to function
			D)	all of the above
8		Which pioneer of sociology first directed researchers to the significance of bureaucratic structure?
			A)	Émile Durkheim
			B)	Max Weber
			C)	Karl Marx
			D)	Ferdinand Tönnies
9		The president of the United States need not be a good typist; a surgeon need not be able to fill a cavity. This is because of the bureaucratic characteristic of:
			A)	division of labor
			B)	impersonality
			C)	employment based on technical qualifications
			D)	written rules and regulations
10		Steve is the star of the college football team. He takes a history course and fails all of the exams in that course. Nevertheless, the instructor gives Steve an "A" in the course. This would violate which component of bureaucracies?
			A)	division of labor
			B)	written rules and regulations
			C)	employment based on technical qualifications
			D)	impersonality
11		Claude is in a major automobile accident and is severely injured. When he is brought by ambulance to the hospital, he is refused admission because he cannot find his health insurance card. This situation would illustrate:
			A)	the Peter principle
			B)	trained incapacity
			C)	goal displacement
			D)	division of labor
12		Which one of the following is not a way in which formal organizations vary from one culture to another according to Geert Hofstede?
			A)	power distance
			B)	individualism/collectivism
			C)	primary/secondary
			D)	uncertainty avoidance
13		Which of the following have expressed particular concern about the longevity of union leaders, who are not always responsive to the needs and demands of membership?
			A)	functionalists
			B)	conflict theorists
			C)	interactionists
			D)	classical theorists
14		What are the social implications of a shift toward the virtual office-the increasing number of telecommuters?
			A)	Supervisors will find that performance goals must be defined more clearly, which may lead to further bureaucratization.
			B)	It will increase autonomy and job satisfaction for many employees.
			C)	It will lead to greater worker privacy and job security.
			D)	both a and b
15		When workers organized unions and forced management to recognize that they were not objects, theorists of formal organizations began to revise the:
			A)	classical theory
			B)	scientific management approach
			C)	human relations approach
			D)	both a and b