Multiple Choice Quiz

In each of the following, select the phrase that best completes the statement:

1		If we fail to respect and obey social norms, we may face punishment through informal or formal:
			A)	techniques of neutralization
			B)	deviance
			C)	cultural transmission
			D)	sanctions
2		Which sociological perspective emphasizes that societies literally could not function if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct?
			A)	functionalist perspective
			B)	conflict perspective
			C)	interactionist perspective
			D)	labeling theory
3		A useful distinction between conformity and obedience was made by social psychologist:
			A)	Richard Quinney
			B)	Émile Durkheim
			C)	Edwin Sutherland
			D)	Stanley Milgram
4		Which of the following suggested that the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to stability?
			A)	William Chambliss
			B)	Émile Durkheim
			C)	Richard Quinney
			D)	Stanley Milgram
5		According to Merton, the most common adaptation in the anomie theory of deviance is:
			A)	conformity
			B)	innovation
			C)	ritualism
			D)	rebellion
6		A burglar who wants to live in the suburbs along with lawyers and stockbrokers will pursue material success by violating the law. In Robert Merton's terms, the burglar is a(n):
			A)	ritualist
			B)	retreatist
			C)	rebel
			D)	innovator
7		In Merton's terms, a person who has abandoned the goal of material success and become compulsively committed to the institutional means is a (an):
			A)	ritualist
			B)	retreatist
			C)	rebel
			D)	innovator
8		Which of the following conducted observation research on two groups of high school males-the Saints and the Roughnecks-and concluded that social class played an important role in the varying fortunes of the two groups?
			A)	Richard Quinney
			B)	Edwin Sutherland
			C)	Émile Durkheim
			D)	William Chambliss
9		An important aspect of labeling theory is the recognition that some people or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others. This view recalls the emphasis placed on the social significance of power by the:
			A)	functionalist perspective
			B)	conflict perspective
			C)	interactionist perspective
			D)	anomie theory of deviance
10		Which of the following is a leading exponent of the view that the criminal justice system serves the interests of the powerful?
			A)	Richard Quinney
			B)	Edwin Sutherland
			C)	Stanley Milgram
			D)	William Chambliss
11		____________ view standards of deviant behavior as merely reflecting cultural norms, whereas ____________ and ____________ theorists point out that the most powerful groups in a society can shape laws and standards and determine who is (or is not) prosecuted as a criminal.
			A)	conflict theorists; functionalists; labeling
			B)	labeling theorists; conflict; functionalist
			C)	functionalists; conflict; labeling
			D)	conflict theorists; labeling; functionalist
12		Which of the following offered pioneering insights regarding professional criminals by publishing an annotated account written by a professional thief?
			A)	Robert Merton
			B)	Émile Durkheim
			C)	Howard S. Becker
			D)	Edwin Sutherland
13		Which of the following is considered a white-collar crime?
			A)	consumer fraud
			B)	bribery
			C)	income tax evasion
			D)	each of the above
14		Gambling, public drunkenness, prostitution, and smoking marijuana are often considered:
			A)	white-collar crimes
			B)	violent crimes against people
			C)	"victimless" crimes
			D)	organized crime
15		Which one of the following crime rates was higher in the United States than in Europe during the 1980s and 1990s?
			A)	murder
			B)	rape
			C)	robbery
			D)	all of the above