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1 | |
Which best demonstrates the basic principle of cephalocaudal development? |
| | A) | an infant first producing an endogenous smile, then an exogenous smile, then a laugh |
| | B) | an infant first being able to raise the head, then sit up, then stand up |
| | C) | an infant obtaining visual skills, then olfactory skills, then auditory skills |
| | D) | an infant cooing, then babbling, then the first word, then language |
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2 | |
The proximodistal progression pattern is seen in children's: |
| | A) | drawings, which are first done using the entire arm, and eventually using only the wrist and fingers. |
| | B) | toileting behavior, which proceeds from urine control to bowel control. |
| | C) | head size, which originally comprises about one-fourth of the body, and eventually only one-eighth of the body. |
| | D) | memory, which proceeds from sensory store to short-term to long-term store. |
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3 | |
Which statement most accurately describes height and weight changes during infancy? |
| | A) | Both increase more rapidly during the second year than during the first year. |
| | B) | Girls increase in height and weight faster than boys do during infancy. |
| | C) | The sexes grow at the same rate during infancy. |
| | D) | Both height and weight increase more rapidly during the first year than during the second year. |
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4 | |
Two important factors that can produce individual differences in height are: |
| | A) | ethnic origin and nutrition. |
| | B) | genetic predisposition and early behavior. |
| | C) | central nervous system functioning and reduction of fat intake. |
| | D) | standard of living and cost of living. |
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5 | |
Which of the following is NOT a condition that can produce unusually short children? |
| | A) | physical problems |
| | B) | congenital factors |
| | C) | emotional difficulties |
| | D) | ethnic origin |
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6 | |
The period of middle and late childhood involves: |
| | A) | slow, consistent growth. |
| | B) | rapid, consistent growth. |
| | C) | rapid spurts of growth. |
| | D) | moderate growth with occasional spurts. |
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7 | |
During the elementary school years, body changes occur: |
| | A) | at close to the same rate as they occurred during early childhood. |
| | B) | much more rapidly than they did during early childhood. |
| | C) | in the skeletal and muscular systems. |
| | D) | most significantly in the dermal and subdermal systems. |
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8 | |
is a period of rapid physical development involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily during early adolescence. |
| | A) | Puberty |
| | B) | Menarche |
| | C) | Spermarche |
| | D) | Maturation |
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9 | |
The age at which puberty arrives is _______ with each passing decade. |
| | A) | increasing |
| | B) | decreasing |
| | C) | staying the same |
| | D) | slowing down |
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10 | |
For menarche to begin and continue: |
| | A) | a girl must be at least 12 years old. |
| | B) | pubic hair must have begun to emerge, demonstrating uterine development. |
| | C) | calorie intake must exceed the amount of calories a girl burns up. |
| | D) | fat must make up 17 percent of the girl's body weight. |
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11 | |
The important endocrine gland(s) for controlling growth and regulating other glands. |
| | A) | hypothalamus is an |
| | B) | pituitary gland is an |
| | C) | thalamus is an |
| | D) | gonads are |
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12 | |
Whereas is responsible for development of genitals, increase in height, and changes in boys' voices, is associated with breast, uterine, and skeletal development in girls. |
| | A) | testosterone/estradiol |
| | B) | estradiol/testosterone |
| | C) | estrogen/progesterone |
| | D) | serotonin/dopamine |
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13 | |
The most noticeable changes in body growth for females during adolescence include all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | height spurt. |
| | B) | tendencies toward obesity. |
| | C) | breast growth. |
| | D) | growth of pubic hair. |
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14 | |
Recent research about puberty suggests all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | it is advantageous to be an early-maturing rather than a late-maturing boy. |
| | B) | early-maturing girls experience more problems in school than late-maturing girls. |
| | C) | pubertal variations are less dramatic than is commonly thought. |
| | D) | in early adolescence, early-maturing girls show less satisfaction with their figures than do late-maturing girls. |
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15 | |
Which of the following might be expected to occur when an individual reaches age 30? |
| | A) | greater muscle tone and strength |
| | B) | radical changes in the sensory systems |
| | C) | sagging chins and protruding abdomens |
| | D) | decrease in the body's fatty tissues |
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16 | |
Which of the following is NOT a visible sign of aging? |
| | A) | the skin begins to wrinkle and sag. |
| | B) | small, localized areas of pigmentation in the skin produce aging spots. |
| | C) | hair becomes thinner and grayer. |
| | D) | fingernails and toenails become thinner. |
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17 | |
What changes are noticed in height as a person moves through middle adulthood? |
| | A) | It increases. |
| | B) | It decreases. |
| | C) | Unless there is illness, there is no noticeable change. |
| | D) | The findings are contradictory-some people get taller, others get shorter. |
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18 | |
Considering normal aging processes, whose blood pressure would be expected to be highest? |
| | A) | Sally, a 60-year-old woman who is postmenopausal |
| | B) | Cindy, a 40-year-old woman who is premenopausal |
| | C) | Carl, a 60-year-old man whose prostate was removed |
| | D) | Sam, 40-year-old man whose prostate is still intact |
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19 | |
All of the following are typical changes in late adulthood, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | weight gain. |
| | B) | height loss. |
| | C) | increase in blood pressure. |
| | D) | decrease in lung capacity. |
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20 | |
Myelination improves the efficiency of the central nervous system in the same way that: |
| | A) | talking to an infant speeds his ability to produce a first word. |
| | B) | reducing the distance between two children playing catch reduces the time it takes for a baseball to travel from one child to the other. |
| | C) | the ingestion of certain chemicals (e.g., steroids) can improve overall muscle development. |
| | D) | the insulation around an electrical extension cord improves its efficiency. |
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21 | |
Charles Nelson has made great strides in finding out about the brain's development in infancy by using: |
| | A) | PET scans. |
| | B) | MRIs. |
| | C) | electrodes. |
| | D) | CT scans. |
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22 | |
The most extensive research on brain lateralization has focused on: |
| | A) | language. |
| | B) | visual coordination. |
| | C) | olfaction. |
| | D) | motor coordination. |
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23 | |
Research on language processing in the brain has found that: |
| | A) | virtually all language is carried out in the left hemisphere. |
| | B) | virtually all language is carried out in the right hemisphere. |
| | C) | in normal people, the complex thinking required to produce language results from communication between both hemispheres. |
| | D) | in normal people, tasks involving logical thinking are carried out in the left hemisphere and those involving creative thinking occur in the right hemisphere. |
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24 | |
Neuroscientists believe that wires the brain. |
| | A) | genetic heritage |
| | B) | repeated experience |
| | C) | constant stimulation |
| | D) | a delicate balance of proteins and amino acids |
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25 | |
Recent research using brain scans has found that from ages 3 to 15: |
| | A) | the overall size of the brain shows dramatic growth. |
| | B) | there are dramatic changes in local patterns within the brain. |
| | C) | there are dramatic changes in brain size from age 3 to 6, then a slowing of growth thereafter. |
| | D) | many diseases that are manifested later in life can be seen early on. |
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26 | |
The most rapid growth in the brain for children aged 3 to 6 takes place in the: |
| | A) | frontal lobe areas. |
| | B) | temporal lobe areas. |
| | C) | parietal lobe. |
| | D) | occipital lobe. |
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27 | |
A study designed to discover if the brain activity of adolescents differed from that of adults during the processing of emotional information found that: |
| | A) | there were no significant differences in where information was processed, but emotional intensity was higher for adolescents than for adults. |
| | B) | adolescents were more likely to process emotional information in the amygdala and adults were more likely to process it in the frontal lobe. |
| | C) | adolescents were more likely to process emotional information in the frontal lobe and adults were more likely to process it in the amygdala. |
| | D) | adolescents were less able than adults to perceive expression of emotion in others. |
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28 | |
In the aging brain, at least through the seventies, it appears that: |
| | A) | dendritic growth compensates for loss of neurons. |
| | B) | neural efficiency is compensated for by neural size. |
| | C) | neural cells grow to compensate for loss of myelin. |
| | D) | increased neural transmitter production compensates for loss of neurons. |
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29 | |
The study of nuns in Mankato, Minnesota (Snowdon, 1995, 1997) has found that: |
| | A) | leading a spiritual life reduces the risk of getting Alzheimer's disease. |
| | B) | stimulating the brain with mental exercises may increase dendritic branching. |
| | C) | a secluded lifestyle combined with a simple diet may reduce the loss of neurons. |
| | D) | environmental factors have little effect on reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease. |
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30 | |
Which statement most accurately portrays the sleep/wake cycle of infants? |
| | A) | Infants sleep less as they grow older. |
| | B) | Newborn sleep is reflexive, whereas infant sleep is intentional. |
| | C) | Infants eventually sleep more during the day than they do at night. |
| | D) | Infants spend less time sleeping than do adults. |
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31 | |
Cross-cultural research demonstrates that infant sleep patterns around the world: |
| | A) | are the same. |
| | B) | differ for each culture. |
| | C) | may relate to mother-child contact. |
| | D) | have been steadily changing as humans evolve. |
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32 | |
Sleep researchers have found that: |
| | A) | infants and adults exhibit similar patterns of REM sleep. |
| | B) | infants engage in more REM sleep than adults. |
| | C) | adults engage in more REM sleep than infants. |
| | D) | adults enter REM sleep earlier in the sleep cycle than infants. |
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33 | |
Since 1992, when the American Academy of Pediatrics began recommending that infants , the frequency of SIDS has decreased. |
| | A) | sleep on their stomachs |
| | B) | sleep on their backs |
| | C) | sleep on their sides |
| | D) | do not sleep with their mothers |
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34 | |
Research comparing sleep patterns of childhood with those of adolescence have found that adolescents: |
| | A) | wake up earlier than children. |
| | B) | wake up later than children. |
| | C) | continue to wake up at the same time they did as children. |
| | D) | need less sleep than children. |
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35 | |
All of the following are recommendations to help older adults sleep better at night, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | avoid caffeine. |
| | B) | stay physically active during the day. |
| | C) | stay mentally active. |
| | D) | take short naps during the day. |
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36 | |
With improvements in medicine, nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle, our: |
| | A) | life span has increased. |
| | B) | life expectancy has increased. |
| | C) | life expectancy has stayed the same, but our lives are healthier. |
| | D) | life expectancy has dropped, but the quality of life has improved. |
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37 | |
Researchers in the New England Centenarian study have found that contributes to living a long life. |
| | A) | lack of stress |
| | B) | good genes |
| | C) | the ability to cope successfully with stress |
| | D) | a healthy lifestyle |
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38 | |
Women outlive men for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | financial status. |
| | B) | health attitudes. |
| | C) | occupations. |
| | D) | lifestyle. |
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39 | |
The second X chromosome that women have appears to give them a health advantage over men in that it may: |
| | A) | counteract the negative effects of free radicals. |
| | B) | be associated with production of more antibodies to fight disease. |
| | C) | offer greater resistance for dealing with stress. |
| | D) | protect women against lung cancer, a leading cause of death in men. |
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40 | |
Who would be classified as the "oldest old"? |
| | A) | Methusaleh, who is 78 |
| | B) | Eve, who is 83 |
| | C) | Noah, who is 88 |
| | D) | All three are among the oldest old. |
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41 | |
Leonard Hayflick believes that cells can divide a maximum of about times and that as we age, our cells become increasingly less capable of dividing. |
| | A) | 25 to 50 |
| | B) | 50 to 65 |
| | C) | 75 to 80 |
| | D) | 80 to 90 |
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42 | |
The theory of aging states that people age because inside their cells normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around the cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures. |
| | A) | free-radical |
| | B) | cellular clock |
| | C) | hormonal stress |
| | D) | life-span |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education