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1 | |
_____________ theory seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting. |
| | A) | Dynamic systems |
| | B) | Gesell's milestones |
| | C) | Perceptual systems |
| | D) | Constructivist |
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2 | |
The dynamic systems theory of motor development emphasizes: |
| | A) | a genetic blueprint. |
| | B) | environmental stimuli. |
| | C) | unconscious motivations. |
| | D) | exploration and selection. |
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3 | |
Amanda stroked her 2-month-old baby's right cheek, and the baby turned his head in that direction, demonstrating the reflex. |
| | A) | sucking |
| | B) | rooting |
| | C) | Moro |
| | D) | Babinski |
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4 | |
T. Berry Brazelton (1956) found that most infants: |
| | A) | engage in sucking primarily for nutrition. |
| | B) | continue to exhibit the sucking reflex into toddlerhood. |
| | C) | engage in considerable sucking behavior unrelated to feeding. |
| | D) | must learn how to suck in order to ensure sufficient nutrition. |
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5 | |
Which infant motor event typically occurs first? |
| | A) | stands with support |
| | B) | holds the head erect |
| | C) | rolls over |
| | D) | sits without support |
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6 | |
In her research on locomotor skills, Karen Adolph (1997) found that newly crawling infants: |
| | A) | accurately matched their locomotor skills with the steepness of slopes. |
| | B) | perceptually assessed sloping surfaces before attempting to move on them. |
| | C) | indiscriminately went down steep slopes. |
| | D) | refused to move on a steep slope. |
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7 | |
Pediatricians recommend that parents: |
| | A) | slowly ease their babies into structured exercise regimes. |
| | B) | enroll their babies in exercise classes. |
| | C) | use exercise sessions as a way to bond with their babies. |
| | D) | avoid structured exercise classes for babies. |
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8 | |
Romero is a normal 3-year-old. We would expect that he would be able to: |
| | A) | scramble over a jungle gym. |
| | B) | run back and forth. |
| | C) | climb on the kitchen counter. |
| | D) | skip rope. |
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9 | |
Duran is a normal, healthy second-grader. He is most likely to become fatigued by long periods of: |
| | A) | sitting. |
| | B) | running. |
| | C) | jumping. |
| | D) | bicycling. |
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10 | |
Which of the following sports settings present special concern for child developmentalists? |
| | A) | Special Olympics |
| | B) | highly competitive, win-oriented sports |
| | C) | gymnastics |
| | D) | highly physical interactive sports |
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11 | |
Peak physical performance is typically reached: |
| | A) | in early adolescence. |
| | B) | in late adolescence. |
| | C) | in early adulthood. |
| | D) | at different times, depending on the activity. |
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12 | |
Which of the following would be considered a fine motor skill? |
| | A) | bouncing a ball |
| | B) | walking a straight line |
| | C) | sorting blocks |
| | D) | writing your name |
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13 | |
Rachel Clifton and her colleagues (1993) concluded that ___________ guide(s) the early reaching of 4-month-old infants. |
| | A) | sight of their limbs |
| | B) | reflexive actions |
| | C) | environmental cues |
| | D) | proprioceptive cues |
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14 | |
Which pattern best portrays changes in gross and fine motor skills in the elementary school years? |
| | A) | Boys outperform girls in fine motor skills. |
| | B) | Girls outperform boys in fine motor skills. |
| | C) | Girls outperform boys in gross motor skills. |
| | D) | There are no sex differences in the development of gross and fine motor skills. |
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15 | |
Left-handedness is associated with: |
| | A) | early maturation of motor skills. |
| | B) | imagination and creativity. |
| | C) | cognitive and perceptual deficits. |
| | D) | delinquent tendencies. |
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16 | |
_________ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors. |
| | A) | Sensation |
| | B) | Perception |
| | C) | Intermodal perception |
| | D) | Perceptual-motor coupling |
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17 | |
__________ gives people such information as when to duck, when to turn their body through a narrow passageway, and when to put their hand up to catch something. |
| | A) | Sensation |
| | B) | Perception |
| | C) | Affordance |
| | D) | Proprioception |
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18 | |
Was William James right when he proclaimed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion? |
| | A) | No, because infants display visual preferences. |
| | B) | Yes, because infants' visual acuity is less than that of adults. |
| | C) | Yes, because infants sense the world but do not perceive it. |
| | D) | No, because infants' reflexes allow for organization into perceptual categories. |
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19 | |
The newborn's vision is estimated to be: |
| | A) | 20/20. |
| | B) | 20/100. |
| | C) | 20/400. |
| | D) | 20/600. |
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20 | |
If D'Andre is having problems with his vision, this problem might suggest itself through any of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | excessive blinking. |
| | B) | eye twitches. |
| | C) | covering one eye. |
| | D) | tilting his head when looking at something. |
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21 | |
All of the following are normal declines in vision due to aging, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | diminished tolerance for glare that reduces night vision. |
| | B) | slower dark adaptation, taking longer to recover vision when going from light to dark areas. |
| | C) | lower ability to detect events in the center of the visual field. |
| | D) | reduction in the quality or intensity of light reaching the retina. |
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22 | |
Rozee's eyes have cloudy, opaque areas in the lens that prevent light from passing through, causing her to have blurred vision. The visual problem she has is: |
| | A) | macular degeneration. |
| | B) | cataracts. |
| | C) | glaucoma. |
| | D) | presbyopia. |
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23 | |
Robert Fantz (1963) found that infants as young as 2 days old: |
| | A) | were able to focus on their mothers' eyes. |
| | B) | were able to distinguish contour. |
| | C) | showed a preference for patterned stimuli over plain stimuli. |
| | D) | began to perceive the oval shape of the head. |
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24 | |
In Gibson and Walk's (1960) experiment, infants placed on one side of a visual cliff refused to go to their mothers who coaxed them from the other side, demonstrating: |
| | A) | depth perception. |
| | B) | failure of visual acuity. |
| | C) | inability to hear at a distance. |
| | D) | inability to crawl. |
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25 | |
Elizabeth Spelke concluded that by 4 months of age, infants: |
| | A) | are beginning to point to where objects should be. |
| | B) | have not yet developed a notion that an object continues to exist once it has left their visual field. |
| | C) | can recognize where a moving object is when it has left their visual field. |
| | D) | realize that an object cannot roll through a solid barrier. |
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26 | |
What evidence indicates that a fetus can hear? |
| | A) | A fetus moves when a loud noise occurs. |
| | B) | Newborns prefer their mother's voice to strangers' voices. |
| | C) | Hearing is more sensitive and better developed among newborns who have been experimentally stimulated before birth. |
| | D) | Newborns prefer to hear stories that were read to them in their mother's womb. |
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27 | |
Like many other adolescents today, Deanna is likely to develop a hearing problem much earlier than in past generations. The most common reason would be: |
| | A) | living close to an airport. |
| | B) | playing her music too loud. |
| | C) | the environmental effects of electricity. |
| | D) | genetic defects that have become more common. |
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28 | |
To help hearing-impaired adults, the text suggests: |
| | A) | surgery on the inner ear. |
| | B) | wearing a hearing aid in the more impaired ear. |
| | C) | wearing two hearing aids balanced to correct each ear separately. |
| | D) | asking individuals who speak to the hearing impaired person to speak in a loud, clear voice. |
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29 | |
One current controversy concerning the medical treatment of infants involves: |
| | A) | the use of small amounts of cocaine to stimulate the heart rate of sluggish neonates. |
| | B) | the rule of now allowing mothers to hold their at-risk low-birthweight neonate immediately after birth. |
| | C) | not using any anesthetics when performing surgery on young infants. |
| | D) | the fact that a mother's opinion outweighs a father's when it comes to a decision of whether a child should be given a heart transplant. |
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30 | |
Eighty-year-old Ethel noticed she cut her foot, although she didn't feel any pain. Because it is normal for older adults to be less sensitive to pain, Ethel: |
| | A) | should consider herself lucky it didn't hurt. |
| | B) | shouldn't worry about it one way or another, just bandage the foot. |
| | C) | should be concerned that while it may be "normal," it may also indicate some other underlying disease process. |
| | D) | needs to be aware of this because not feeling pain may mask injury or illness that needs treatment. |
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31 | |
Which of the following smells do infants like the LEAST? |
| | A) | vanilla |
| | B) | fish |
| | C) | their mother's milk |
| | D) | strawberries |
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32 | |
A negative outcome of a decline in the sense of smell with age is: |
| | A) | an accompanying decline in bathing. |
| | B) | an accompanying lowered ability to detect when food is spoiled. |
| | C) | less ability to detect smoke from fire. |
| | D) | a need for more intense olfactory stimuli. |
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33 | |
Research suggests that sensitivity to taste begins: |
| | A) | before birth. |
| | B) | within the first week after birth. |
| | C) | within the first month after birth. |
| | D) | increasingly over the first year of life. |
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34 | |
Decline in taste with age often leads to: |
| | A) | compensation by eating healthier foods. |
| | B) | an increased preference for highly seasoned foods. |
| | C) | a decrease in appetite that may result in health problems. |
| | D) | a decrease in appetite that may result in a longer life. |
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35 | |
Jessica turned her head when she heard footsteps in the hall, then she smiled when she saw her mother come into the room. This demonstrates perception. |
| | A) | depth |
| | B) | intermodal |
| | C) | auditory |
| | D) | visual |
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36 | |
The ability to form mental representations that allow us to connect sensory input from different modes develops: |
| | A) | in utero. |
| | B) | during the first week of life. |
| | C) | during the first 6 months of life. |
| | D) | during the second 6 months of life. |
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37 | |
The recent research (Thelen, 2000) on perceptual and motor development suggests that: |
| | A) | there is a clear distinction between perceiving and doing. |
| | B) | perceptual and motor development do not occur in isolation from one another. |
| | C) | motor skills decline with age, but perception remains relatively constant. |
| | D) | "perception educates action." |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education