 |
1 | |
The Porifera are the simplest of multicellular animals and share basal ancestry with the Metazoa, as determined by DNA analyses. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
2 | |
Although they have the simplest organization of all the Metazoa, the sponges do exhibit a higher level of morphological and physiological integration than that found in protozoan colonies. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
3 | |
The Porifera have which of the following characteristics in common? |
|
| | A) | A cellular level of organization. |
| | B) | Incipient tissues with a low level of integration. |
| | C) | A unique water current system powered by choanocytes. |
| | D) | A body with incurrent openings (called ostia) for water intake. |
| | E) | All of the above are correct. |
|
4 | |
All sponges are marine. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
5 | |
The skeletal (supporting) structure of sponges may contain which of the following? |
|
| | A) | Fibrillar collagen (a protein) |
| | B) | Calcareous spicules |
| | C) | Siliceous spicules |
| | D) | Modified collagen called spongin |
| | E) | All of the above may be constituents of the sponge skeletal structure |
|
6 | |
There may be three different GRADES or levels of organization within each CLASS of sponge. These levels or types of canal systems are described as... |
|
| | A) | Asconoid |
| | B) | Syconoid |
| | C) | Leuconoid |
| | D) | All of the above are correct |
| | E) | None of the above are correct |
|
7 | |
Sponge cells are loosely arranged in a gelantinous matrix called... |
|
| | A) | Mesohyl |
| | B) | Mesenchyme |
| | C) | Mesoderm |
| | D) | Mesogloea |
| | E) | Mesenteron |
|
8 | |
Which of the following drives the passage of water (laden with oxygen and microscopic food) through the canals and spongocoel of the sponges? |
|
| | A) | Choanocytes |
| | B) | Archeocytes |
| | C) | Pinacocytes |
| | D) | Collencytes |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
9 | |
Amoeboid cells that move about in the mesohyl and carry out a number of functions, including phagocytosis and spicule formation are called... |
|
| | A) | Unicells |
| | B) | Archaeocytes |
| | C) | Spongocytes |
| | D) | Osteocytes |
| | E) | Chondrocytes |
|
10 | |
Spongilla, a genus of freshwater sponge, produces an unusual overwintering "bud" for the survival of the harsh conditions of winter. This bud is called a... |
|
| | A) | Gemmule |
| | B) | Parenchymula larva |
| | C) | Amphiblastula |
| | D) | Blastul |
| | E) | Gastrula |
|
11 | |
The Phylum Porifera is an ancient group, remote phylogenetically from other metazoan groups, although some evidence suggests that they are a sister group to the Eumetazoa. Their adaptive radiation is centered on elaboration of the water circulation and filter feeding system. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
12 | |
The Mesozoa and Parazoa may be said to belong to a cellular level of organization. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
13 | |
Two competing hypotheses for the origin of the Metazoa are the syncyticial ciliate hypothesis and the colonial flagellate hypothesis, but the ribosomal RNA analyses generally support the colonial flagellate hypothesis. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
14 | |
Rhombozoans live in the kidneys of benthic cephalopods such as octopuses, cuttlefishes, and squids. Their adults are called: |
|
| | A) | Squamiforms |
| | B) | Vermiforms |
| | C) | Zygogens |
| | D) | Amphiblastula |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
15 | |
Current molecular evidence supports a phylogenetic relationship of mesozoans and flatworms and the inclusion of Mesozoa in the superphylum Lophotrochozoa. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
16 | |
The Phylum Porifera does NOT have which of the following characteristics? |
|
| | A) | Multicellular |
| | B) | All aquatic |
| | C) | True tissues and organs |
| | D) | All adults sessile |
| | E) | Asexual and sexual reproduction |
|
17 | |
Sponges with syconoid features would have which of the following? |
|
| | A) | Radial canals |
| | B) | Incurrent canals |
| | C) | Prosopyles |
| | D) | Apopyles |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
18 | |
Which of the following is mismatched? |
|
| | A) | Archaeocytes-amoeboid cells in the mesohyl |
| | B) | Sclerocytes-secrete spicules |
| | C) | Spongocytes-secrete spongin fibers |
| | D) | Collencytes-secrete keratin |
| | E) | Lophocytes-secrete large quantities of collagen |
|
19 | |
Sponges have a tremendous ability to repair injuries and to restore lost parts in a process called... |
|
| | A) | Inversion |
| | B) | Torsion |
| | C) | Regeneration |
| | D) | Transmogrification |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
20 | |
The members of the Class Hexactinellida are also called: |
|
| | A) | True sponges |
| | B) | Brittle sponges |
| | C) | Glass sponges |
| | D) | Amorphous sponges |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
21 | |
The trabecular reticulum of the Hexactinellida is the largest, continuous syncytial tissue known in the Metazoa. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
22 | |
Sponges originated before the Cambrian Period. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
23 | |
Which of the following forms yields the greatest amount of surface area to volume ratio in a sponge? |
|
| | A) | Asconoid |
| | B) | Syconoid |
| | C) | Leuconoid |
| | D) | Sponginoid |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |