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1 | |
Some descendants of Precambrian acoelomate organisms evolved a more elegant arrangement for a body cavity: a fluid-filled space within the mesoderm, called the coelom. A true coelom means that the space was lined with mesoderm and that mesodermal membranes, the mesenteries, suspended the organs. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
Which of the following groups has an obvious trochophore larval stage? |
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| | A) | Hirudinea |
| | B) | Polychaete annelids |
| | C) | Freshwater Bivalvia |
| | D) | A, B, and C have trochophore larvae |
| | E) | Only B and C have trochophore larvae |
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3 | |
One of the first groups to evolve a true coelom, which was a major step in the evolution of larger and more complex forms was the... |
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| | A) | Vertebrates |
| | B) | Mollusca |
| | C) | Annelida |
| | D) | Platyhelminthes |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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4 | |
Which of the following is NOT true about the Mollusca? |
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| | A) | They are all protostomes |
| | B) | They all have an "open" circulatory system |
| | C) | They all have a muscular foot or modified foot of tentacles and arms |
| | D) | They all have a mantle |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
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5 | |
The uniquely derived rasping tongue of the Gastropoda is called the... |
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| | A) | Radula |
| | B) | Odontophore |
| | C) | Mastax |
| | D) | Buccal cavity |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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6 | |
Which of the following is found in the shell secreted by the mantle of the Bivalvia? |
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| | A) | Periostracum (outer horny layer, composed of conchiolin-quinone-tanned protein) |
| | B) | Prismatic layer (prisms of calcium carbonate in a protein matrix) |
| | C) | Nacreous layer (secreted in thin, shiny layers by the mantle) |
| | D) | All of the above are found in Bivalvia shells |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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7 | |
Which of the following is NOT a class of the Phylum Mollusca? |
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| | A) | Monoplacophora |
| | B) | Polyplacophora |
| | C) | Scaphopoda |
| | D) | Gastropoda |
| | E) | Entoprocta |
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8 | |
Which of the following is mismatched? |
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| | A) | Gastropoda-snails, slugs, nudibranchs, etc. |
| | B) | Bivalves-clams, mussels, etc. |
| | C) | Scaphopoda-tusk or tooth shells |
| | D) | Cephalopoda-"head-foot" |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
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9 | |
Of all the Mollusca, only gastropods undergo torsion. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
Where would you place a creature that has the following characters: lives in dense beds in the intertidal zone; moves by means of "clapping" two valves together with strong adductor muscles; has multiple eyes; shell with an umbo? |
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| | A) | Bivalvia |
| | B) | Pulmonata |
| | C) | Gastropoda |
| | D) | Amphineura |
| | E) | Polyplacophora |
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11 | |
The coelom of Mollusca is reduced to a partial coelom around the gonads, the kidneys, and the heart (the pericardial membrane). |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
What structures sweep water into the gill chambers before it is passed up water tubes to the suprabranchial chambers and out the excurrent aperture? |
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| | A) | Flagella |
| | B) | Cilia |
| | C) | Mitochondria |
| | D) | Contractile vacuoles |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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13 | |
A potentially disastrous ecological event occurred when ____________were introduced into the Great Lakes. |
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| | A) | Leeches |
| | B) | Boring clams |
| | C) | Zebra mussels |
| | D) | Shipworms |
| | E) | Jumbo Umbo clams |
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14 | |
The cephalopods are renowned for their amazing invertebrate intelligence. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
The shell of the multi-chambered Nautilus is coiled but is quite different from the shell of a gastropod. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
In the squids, most of the shell has disappeared, leaving only a thin, horny strip called the pencil. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
The Mollusca represent one of the greatest adaptive radiations of any animal phylum. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
There is strong embryological evidence that the Mollusca share a common ancestor with the polychaete annelids, even though the Mollusca are not really (or obviously) metameric. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
The Mollusca range in size from almost microscopic to the giant squid Architeuthis with a body and tentacle length nearly 100 meters in length. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
Which of the following are suitable habitats for members of the Mollusca? |
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| | A) | Terrestrial |
| | B) | Freshwater |
| | C) | Marine |
| | D) | Estuary |
| | E) | All of the above are suitable for some members of the Mollusca |
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21 | |
Which of the following is NOT correct? |
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| | A) | The Mollusca have metanephridia for a circulatory system |
| | B) | Molluscan larvae are primitively a trochophore, but many have a veliger larvae and some have direct development |
| | C) | The molluscan coelom is reduced |
| | D) | The cephalopods have the most highly developed molluscan sensory organs |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
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22 | |
In cephalopods the muscular mantle and its cavity create jet propulsion used in locomotion. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
Which of the following is NOT correct? |
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| | A) | Members of the Class Caudofoveata are wormlike, marine organisms, mostly burrowers |
| | B) | Members of the Class Solenogastres are marine, wormlike, shell-less molluscs with calcareous scales or spicules in their integument |
| | C) | Members of the Class Monoplacophora are all extinct |
| | D) | Members of the Class Polyplacophora are called chitons; they are dorsoventrally flattened and have eight articulating limy plates |
| | E) | Shells of the Scaphopoda once were used as money by Native Americans of the Northwest |
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24 | |
Which of the following is mismatched? |
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| | A) | Operculum-an opening in the shell of a gastropod |
| | B) | Torsion-a phenomenon that moves the mantle cavity and twists the visceral organs |
| | C) | Coiling-a spiral winding of the shell and visceral mass, different from torsion |
| | D) | Conotoxins-a venom with peptides specific for the neuroreceptors of its preferred prey |
| | E) | Ctenidium-carries out respiration activities in many gastropods |
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25 | |
Pulmonate snails have a highly vascularized area in the intestines that serves as a lung. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
Which of the following is among the ecologically most jeopardized groups of molluscs in this country? |
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| | A) | Squid |
| | B) | Terrestrial gastropods |
| | C) | Freshwater bivalves |
| | D) | Opisthobranchs |
| | E) | Zebra mussels |
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27 | |
In most freshwater clams fertilization is internal and the fertilized eggs develop into glochidia. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
The early nautiloid and ammonoid shells were heavy but made buoyant by a series of gas chambers connected by a cord of living tissue called a... |
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| | A) | Carbuncle |
| | B) | Siphuncle |
| | C) | Nephridium |
| | D) | Funnel |
| | E) | Branchial nerve cord |
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29 | |
When similar structures that are not inherited from a common ancestor evolve in unrelated animals we call this phenomenon... |
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| | A) | Divergent evolution |
| | B) | Mimicry |
| | C) | Mullerian convergence |
| | D) | Convergent evolution |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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30 | |
An ink sac that empties into the rectum of many cephalopods contains an ink gland that secretes sepia, a dark fluid containing the pigment melanin. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
The Lophotrochozoa-Ecdysozoa hypothesis requires that metamerism arose among protostomes only once. |
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| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |