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1 | |
A sensory neuron is also known as a(n) ____________ neuron. |
|
| | A) | Afferent |
| | B) | Efferent |
| | C) | Interneuron |
| | D) | Glial |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
2 | |
A neuron usually has one long, single extension of the cell called the _____________ that connects it to neighboring neurons. |
|
| | A) | Axon |
| | B) | Dendrite |
| | C) | Neurolemma |
| | D) | Node |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
3 | |
The difference between a neuron of the central nervous system and a ganglion cell is based on their... |
|
| | A) | Morphology |
| | B) | Location |
| | C) | Neurotransmitters |
| | D) | Glial cell type |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
4 | |
Glial cells connect afferent and efferent neurons. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
5 | |
Nerves are typically a bundle of fascicles covered by connective tissue. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
The most abundant cells in the central nervous system are the ganglion cells. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
The covering of many axons is the ______ sheath, which is laid down by the __________. |
|
| | A) | Ganglion, microglia |
| | B) | Fascicle, microglia |
| | C) | Myelin, Schwann cells |
| | D) | Myelin, fascicular cells |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
8 | |
The resting potential of a nerve cell is approximately... |
|
| | A) | 35 mV |
| | B) | -70 mV |
| | C) | -35 mV |
| | D) | 120 mV |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
9 | |
The epdendymal cells are considered to be part of the brain's immune system |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
10 | |
Following depolarization of a neuron's cell membrane, the calcium pump restores the ion gradients of the resting membrane. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
11 | |
During the progression of an action potential down the axon of a nerve cell, the __________ ions move across the cell membrane. |
|
| | A) | Potassium and chloride |
| | B) | Chloride and potassium |
| | C) | Potassium and sodium |
| | D) | Sodium and chloride |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
12 | |
When the ionic reversal occurs across the plasma membrane of an axon during an action potential, the membrane is said to be... |
|
| | A) | Repolarized |
| | B) | Unpolarized |
| | C) | Malpolarized |
| | D) | Depolarized |
| | E) | Bipolarized |
|
13 | |
The most common neurotransmitter found in chemical synapses is |
|
| | A) | Acetylcholine |
| | B) | Myelin |
| | C) | ACTH |
| | D) | Acetycholinesterase |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
14 | |
Electrical synapses are the most common in the animal kingdom and are adapted for escape reaction because they are very fast. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
Whether an action potential will occur depends on the net balance of all excitatory and inhibitory inputs in the postsynaptic cell. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
The most primitive nervous system is the ___________ found in cnidarians. |
|
| | A) | Ladderlike set of nerves |
| | B) | Single dorsal nerve cord |
| | C) | Single ventral nerve cord |
| | D) | Nerve net |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
17 | |
Unlike invertebrate nervous systems, the nerves emanating from the spinal cord are separated into a dorsal sensory root and a ventral... |
|
| | A) | Cephalic root |
| | B) | Caudal root |
| | C) | Motor root |
| | D) | Afferent root |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
18 | |
Reflexes may be... |
|
| | A) | Innate or learned |
| | B) | Motor or sensory |
| | C) | Afferent or efferent |
| | D) | Parasympathetic or sympathetic |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
19 | |
The flatworms are the first to show differentiation into a peripheral and a central nervous system. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
Development of a brain at the anterior end of the animal is known as cephalization. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
A reflex arc involves, at the very last, a receptor, an afferent neuron, the central nervous system, and a motor neuron. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
The simplest reflex, such as the knee-jerk reflex, involves ___ neurons. |
|
| | A) | One |
| | B) | Two |
| | C) | Three |
| | D) | Four or more |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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23 | |
The three principle divisions of the simplest vertebrate brain are the prosencephalon, the mesencephalon, and the... |
|
| | A) | Rhombencephalon |
| | B) | Norencephalon |
| | C) | Archiencephalon |
| | D) | Cerecephalon |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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24 | |
The medulla and the pons control... |
|
| | A) | Higher functions |
| | B) | Sensory input and screening of senses |
| | C) | Vital functions such as heartbeat |
| | D) | Complex thought |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
25 | |
The cerebellum is responsible for control of equilibrium and balance. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
The thalamus system passes sensory material to higher brain centers. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
Which one of the following is involved in regulation of functions involving homeostasis and also produces several neurohormones? |
|
| | A) | Pons |
| | B) | Medulla |
| | C) | Hypothalamus |
| | D) | Thalamus |
| | E) | Cerebellum |
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28 | |
The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system includes the... |
|
| | A) | Somatic and afferent divisions |
| | B) | Somatic and sensory divisions |
| | C) | Somatic and autonomic divisions |
| | D) | Autonomic and sensory divisions |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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29 | |
In times of stress, the ___________system is predominant in action. |
|
| | A) | Afferent |
| | B) | Efferent |
| | C) | Parasympathetic |
| | D) | Sympathetic |
| | E) | Autonomous |
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30 | |
If a person is taking a test, he is using what division of the nervous system? |
|
| | A) | Ganglionic |
| | B) | Sympathetic |
| | C) | Norepinephric |
| | D) | Chemorecptive |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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31 | |
What kinds of receptors allow a person to determine where his body parts are relative to the others? |
|
| | A) | Photoreceptors |
| | B) | Chemoreceptors |
| | C) | Proprioceptors |
| | D) | Thermoreceptors |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
32 | |
Which of the following is probably the most ancient and universal sense in the Animal Kingdom? |
|
| | A) | Chemoreception |
| | B) | Mechanoreception |
| | C) | Photoreception |
| | D) | Thermoreception |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
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33 | |
Nerves from the parasympathetic division emanate from the brain and the thoracic region of the spinal cord. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous divisions are usually antagonistic in action. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
Taste buds have a short life, are continuously replaced, and are much more sensitive than cells receptive to smell. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
The semicircular canals are responsible for sensing sound waves in higher vertebrates. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Lateral lines of fish have receptor cells called________that sense changes in water pressure. |
|
| | A) | Pacinian corpuscles |
| | B) | Ruffinian corpuscles |
| | C) | Neuromasts |
| | D) | Lagenae |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
38 | |
In many invertebrates, the statolith is responsible for determining the change in position of the animal, while the organ of similar function in vertebrates is the labyrinth. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
Arthropods may have compound eyes composed of units called... |
|
| | A) | Ommatidia |
| | B) | Lagenae |
| | C) | Saccules |
| | D) | Utricles |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
40 | |
Upon stimulation by light, rhodopsin is changed in shape and, ultimately this sets into motion a series of reactions that results in a nerve impulse produced by the rod. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
41 | |
Rods are most adapted for diurnal vision, and are in highest concentration in the fovea centralis. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
42 | |
The _________ of the vertebrate eye is composed of rods and cones. |
|
| | A) | Sclera |
| | B) | Fovea centralis |
| | C) | Retina |
| | D) | Aqueous humor |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
43 | |
The visual pigment of the cone is |
|
| | A) | Cone opsin |
| | B) | Rhodopsin |
| | C) | Opsin |
| | D) | Retinol |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
44 | |
The chambers of the eyes are filled with... |
|
| | A) | Blood |
| | B) | Blood plasma |
| | C) | Humors |
| | D) | The lens |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
45 | |
In higher vertebrates, focusing is accomplished by... |
|
| | A) | Moving the lens forward |
| | B) | Moving the lens backward |
| | C) | Changing the shape of the cornea |
| | D) | Changing the shape of the retina |
| | E) | Changing the shape of the lens |
|
46 | |
Recent research has focused on the possibility of pheromonal communication in humans. The best-established example is that of menstrual cycle synchronization that occurs in women living together in dormitories. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
47 | |
Taste sensations are categorized as which of the following? |
|
| | A) | Sweet |
| | B) | Salty |
| | C) | Acid |
| | D) | Bitter |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
48 | |
Taste discrimination depends on assessment by the brain of the relative activity of many different taste receptors. This assessment is similar to color vision in vertebrates. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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49 | |
Pacinian corpuscles are very small chemoreceptors that register deep touch and pressure in mammalian skin. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
50 | |
Pain receptors are relatively unspecialized nerve fiber endings that respond to a variety of stimuli signaling possible or real damage to tissues. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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51 | |
Hair cells form an important sensory component of several mechanoreceptors found in both in invertebrate (statocysts) and vertebrate (vestibular organs) organs of equilibrium. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |