 |
1 | |
Hormones affect target cells by helping to mobilize the transcription of formerly inactive genes, leading to the synthesis of the protein products they encode. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
2 | |
Which of the following is NOT correct? |
|
| | A) | Resistance-the host prevents the establishment and survival of the parasite |
| | B) | Immunity-associated with the sensitive and specific immune response of vertebrates |
| | C) | Innate immunity-does not depend on prior exposure |
| | D) | Acquired immunity-specific to a particular "nonself" material |
| | E) | Interferons-lipoproteins of high molecular weight |
|
3 | |
Acquired immunity is mostly limited to |
|
| | A) | Invertebrates |
| | B) | Vertebrates |
| | C) | Insects |
| | D) | Mammals |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
4 | |
After phagocytosis, enzymes from the __________ digest the ingested particle. |
|
| | A) | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | Lysosome |
| | C) | Nucleolus |
| | D) | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
5 | |
Superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals are known as... |
|
| | A) | LDLs |
| | B) | PCPs |
| | C) | ROIs |
| | D) | RNIs |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
6 | |
In vertebrates, monocytes are derived from stem cells in the... |
|
| | A) | Spleen |
| | B) | Bone marrow |
| | C) | Lymph nodes |
| | D) | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
7 | |
The second exposure to an antigen is known as the _____, and the lag time in antibody production is _________. |
|
| | A) | Titer, less |
| | B) | Titer, longer |
| | C) | Challenge, less |
| | D) | Challenge, longer |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
8 | |
AIDS is indirectly caused by HIV, which specifically destroys... |
|
| | A) | Microglia |
| | B) | T Cells |
| | C) | B cells |
| | D) | Macrophages |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
9 | |
Persons with one allele coding for type A blood, and one allele coding for B blood have _______ possible genotype(s). |
|
| | A) | One |
| | B) | Two |
| | C) | Three |
| | D) | Four |
| | E) | Five |
|
10 | |
The Rh factor is usually involved in problems during... |
|
| | A) | HIV infection |
| | B) | Birth |
| | C) | Inflammation |
| | D) | Cancer treatment |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
11 | |
Antibodies are molecules shaped like an "X" and are a type of protein called immunoglobulins. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
12 | |
Phagocytes in circulation are known as PMNs which stands for "peripheral monocytes." |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
13 | |
Microglial cells are involved in the immune system of the central nervous system. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
14 | |
The most abundant of the granulocytes are the neutrophils; the least abundant are the basophils. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
15 | |
In invertebrates, foreign particles may be phagocytized if the particle is large, or encapsulated if it is small. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
16 | |
Cellular immunity is specifically associated with antibodies circulating in the blood. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
17 | |
A piece of tissue from an animal that is grafted back onto a member of the same species is known as... |
|
| | A) | An allograft |
| | B) | A melograft |
| | C) | An opsograph |
| | D) | A xenograft |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
18 | |
Of the immunoglobulins, _________ is present in many body fluids and can cross cellular barriers easily to aid in the immune response. |
|
| | A) | IgA |
| | B) | IgG |
| | C) | IgE |
| | D) | IgM |
| | E) | IgZ |
|
19 | |
Antigens stimulate an immune response typically in the form of |
|
| | A) | Proteins |
| | B) | Carbohydrates |
| | C) | Lipoproteins |
| | D) | Nucleic acids |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
20 | |
MHC stands for Macrophage Humor Circulation; these proteins are quite variable, typically differing between unrelated individuals. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
21 | |
An example of a T-cell receptor is an eosinophil. These are the most abundant of leukocytes. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
22 | |
T-cell receptors are named CD, which stands for Cluster of Differentiation. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
23 | |
NK cells are named for their discoverers, Nicholson and Krebs. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
24 | |
The portion of the antigen presented on the APD is the epitope. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
25 | |
The concentration of antibody after antigen exposure is known as the titer. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
26 | |
MHC Class I proteins are typically found on... |
|
| | A) | Macrophages |
| | B) | Monocytes |
| | C) | Eosinophils |
| | D) | Nearly all cells |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
27 | |
Antibodies are... |
|
| | A) | Proteins called macrophages |
| | B) | Lipoproteins called hybridomas |
| | C) | Proteins called immunoglobulins |
| | D) | Carbohydrates called T-receptors |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
28 | |
The section of the antibody molecule where the antigen binds is called the... |
|
| | A) | Fab |
| | B) | FSH |
| | C) | FADH |
| | D) | Fc |
| | E) | NADH |
|
29 | |
Antibodies are divided into classes, characterized by differences in their... |
|
| | A) | Light chain |
| | B) | Heavy chain |
| | C) | Fc section |
| | D) | Fab section |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
30 | |
Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur if an Rh-negative mother has an Rh-positive baby, in which case the father was Rh-positive. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
31 | |
Inflammation includes decreases in capillary permeability and swelling; the affected area feels cold to the touch. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
32 | |
Although it is not done unless other blood supplies are lacking, blood of Type O could be infused into a person of any blood type, hence blood Type O is called the universal donor. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
33 | |
If you have blood Type A, you may have alleles for either: both alleles for blood Type A, or one allele for blood Type O and one for blood type A. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
34 | |
An episode of systemic immediate hypersensitivity is known as anaphylaxis, which may be fatal if not treated immediately. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
35 | |
Immune cells are said to be __________ when they are stimulated to divide and carry out their immune function. |
|
| | A) | Differentiated |
| | B) | Activated |
| | C) | Complemented |
| | D) | Presented |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
36 | |
One of the first steps of the humoral immune response is the uptake of the antigen by macrophages that then... |
|
| | A) | Digest the antigen and recycle the molecules |
| | B) | Are killed by the action of the antigen |
| | C) | Cause inflammation |
| | D) | Incorporate portions of the antigen on their cell surfaces |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
37 | |
The ________ is the producer of antibodies. |
|
| | A) | Platelet |
| | B) | Complement |
| | C) | T cell |
| | D) | B cell |
| | E) | Erythrocyte |
|
38 | |
Complement is a series of enzymes that are activated in sequence as a host response to invading organisms. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
39 | |
Which of the following terms is NOT associated with cellular defenses by phagocytosis? |
|
| | A) | Phagocyte |
| | B) | Lysosomes |
| | C) | Reactive oxygen intermediates |
| | D) | Reactive nitrogen intermediates |
| | E) | Erythrocytes |
|
40 | |
The name polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) refers to phagocytes in the blood with a highly variable shape of their nucleus. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
41 | |
Opsonization is when macrophages recognize the projecting Fc regions and are stimulated to engulf the particle. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
42 | |
Which of the following terms is NOT associated with immediate hypersensitivity? |
|
| | A) | Wheal |
| | B) | Flare |
| | C) | Anaphylaxis |
| | D) | Necrosis |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |