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1 | |
To say that environmental science is mission oriented means it is |
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| | A) | a highly organized endeavor. |
| | B) | essentially an information gathering endeavor. |
| | C) | oriented toward solving problems. |
| | D) | designed to understand relationships. |
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2 | |
The environment is considered |
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| | A) | to be essentially the world of nature. |
| | B) | an immediate physical vicinity. |
| | C) | to include the social and cultural aspects of our lives as well as the physical. |
| | D) | restricted to living organisms around us and their physical interactions. |
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3 | |
The main problem facing environmental science is to identify |
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| | A) | the problems in need of remedies. |
| | B) | remedies for important problems. |
| | C) | ways to implement remedies that are acceptable to society. |
| | D) | ways of intensifying enforcement of existing anti-pollution laws. |
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4 | |
Pinchot and Roosevelt, in their utilitarian view, were concerned that |
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| | A) | nature be preserved for its own sake. |
| | B) | resources such as forests should be husbanded carefully to provide homes and jobs for people in the future. |
| | C) | air pollution posed a significant threat to forest growth. |
| | D) | aesthetic and spiritual values should guide resource management decisions. |
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5 | |
____is considered the catalyst of modern awareness of the threat of toxic pollution and the notion of environmentalism. |
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| | A) | Teddy Roosevelt |
| | B) | Rachel Carson |
| | C) | Gifford Pinchot |
| | D) | John Muir |
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6 | |
Environmental problems facing us include all of these EXCEPT |
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| | A) | running out of oxygen. |
| | B) | future water shortages. |
| | C) | negative impacts of the use of fossil fuels. |
| | D) | reduced abundance and variety of life forms. |
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7 | |
About ________ of the world's people currently lack access to clean water, adequate diet, basic sanitation, and other essential needs. |
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| | A) | 10 million |
| | B) | 100 million |
| | C) | 500 million |
| | D) | 1 billion |
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8 | |
Historically, the reference "First World countries" meant |
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| | A) | indigenous or first peoples to inhabit an area. |
| | B) | non-industrialized nations. |
| | C) | the poorest of the poor nations. |
| | D) | industrialized nations with market-driven economies. |
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9 | |
Sustainable development means |
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| | A) | improving people's lives in the present in a way that can continue far into the future. |
| | B) | providing ever-increasing amounts of adequate housing. |
| | C) | continued growth indefinitely. |
| | D) | utilizing an ever-increasing quantity of natural resources. |
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10 | |
John Stuart Mill would argue that |
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| | A) | the human condition cannot be improved without progressive increased consumption of material goods. |
| | B) | without continued economic growth the human condition cannot be improved. |
| | C) | the best things in life are not necessarily things. |
| | D) | continued exploitation of nature is essential if people are to improve their lives. |
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11 | |
Indigenous peoples are important in environmental considerations because |
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| | A) | their homelands contain natural habitats least disturbed by humans. |
| | B) | their homelands contain a huge proportion of earth's biodiversity. |
| | C) | their languages represent encoded knowledge of nature that is irreplaceable. |
| | D) | all of the above are correct. |
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12 | |
Neo-Malthusians are concerned that |
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| | A) | excessive restrictions on resource use may prevent improvement of human lives. |
| | B) | poverty is the driving force behind environmental degradation. |
| | C) | without restraining our use of natural resources we may face a bleak future. |
| | D) | technological advances are not being adequately appreciated as aids to solving future environmental problems. |
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13 | |
The earliest documented recognition that misuse of the natural environment can have nasty consequences was |
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| | A) | George Perkins Marsh's 1864 publication of Man and Nature. |
| | B) | Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, alerting the public to the dangers of pollution in 1962. |
| | C) | Roosevelt's warnings about overuse a century ago. |
| | D) | Plato's writings 2500 years ago. |
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14 | |
The reference to North/South division refers to the fact that |
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| | A) | wealth and power by and large reside in countries in the northern hemisphere. |
| | B) | environmental problems are worse in the southern hemisphere than in the northern. |
| | C) | environmental pollution knows no geographic boundaries. |
| | D) | most countries reveal greater pollution problems in their southern regions than elsewhere. |
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15 | |
The human development index, used as a general indicator of human wellbeing, is based on measures such as |
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| | A) | the number of TV sets, VCRs, and CD players per household. |
| | B) | the number of automobiles per household, miles driven, pounds of resources used, and so forth. |
| | C) | per capita waste production. |
| | D) | life expectancy, literacy rate, and availability of clean water. |
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16 | |
Many ecologists doubt that development can truly be sustainable if development actually means physical growth because |
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| | A) | nonrenewable resources are not available in unlimited supply. |
| | B) | earth's ability to absorb wastes is not infinite. |
| | C) | physical growth of anything cannot continue indefinitely in a finite space. |
| | D) | of all of the above considerations. |
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17 | |
The position that nature deserves to be protected in its own right is called |
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| | A) | biocentric preservation. |
| | B) | utilitarian conservation. |
| | C) | environmentalism. |
| | D) | global environmentalism. |
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18 | |
The world's poorest people are |
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| | A) | both a cause and victim of environmental degradation. |
| | B) | a significant cause of environmental damage. |
| | C) | significant victims of environmental damage. |
| | D) | not a significant factor in earth's environmental dilemmas. |
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19 | |
____constitutes 4.5 percent of the world's people yet produces 50 percent of all toxic waste. |
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| | A) | Japan |
| | B) | Germany |
| | C) | Russia |
| | D) | The United States |
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20 | |
The cornucopian fallacy refers to the belief that there is no solution to our environmental problems. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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21 | |
The text suggests there is not a strong connection between poverty and environmental degradation. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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22 | |
The text suggests a strong connection exists between wealth and environmental degradation. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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23 | |
Polls show that over 80 percent of Americans believe that environmental protection is so important that it must be pursued regardless of cost. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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24 | |
Simple redirection of a modest portion of current foreign aid toward humanitarian goals could substantially reduce world poverty and injustice. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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25 | |
Eighty percent of the world's resources are consumed by about 20 percent of the world’s people. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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26 | |
Analysts agree that an offshoot of extreme poverty in a society is a reduction in environmental damage. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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27 | |
Loss of indigenous cultures is accomplished by loss of unique understanding of nature. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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28 | |
Homelands of indigenous peoples are among the most biologically diverse on earth. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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29 | |
An important reason for determining the size of a society's ecological footprint is to determine the sustainability of its life style. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |