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Practice Quizzing
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1

Relativists believe that
A)since everything in life is arbitrary, there is no reason to behave morally.
B)there are no fixed facts that are independent of interpretation. What is ethical is determined by the situation.
C)the proper act is the one that maximizes good for the most people.
D)goodness is happiness.
2

Moral agents are defined as
A)authoritarian figures who lead society in the determination of what is right and wrong.
B)people who deserve to be treated morally by others.
C)humans who are appropriately held responsible for their actions.
D)religious leaders.
3

Moral subjects are
A)those individuals that are properly held responsible for their actions.
B)also considered moral agents.
C)those persons or entities deserving of being treated morally.
D)collectively, those topics of behavior for which right and wrong can be defined.
4

Moral extensionism refers to
A)the expansion of what constitutes a moral agent.
B)the expansion of what constitutes a moral subject.
C)judging people's behavior only in the context of their specific situation.
D)giving a moral consideration only to those beings capable of self-consciousness.
5

Inherent value refers to value
A)possessed by something merely because it exists.
B)earned through moral behavior.
C)deserved because of one's usefulness to others.
D)conferred only on those people that cannot be held responsible for their own behavior.
6

Anthropocentric means
A)human centered.
B)animal centered.
C)life centered.
D)community centered.
7

Within the branch of philosophy known as ethics,
A)morals and values are considered to mean the same thing.
B)morals are considered subjective, and ethics are considered to be objective.
C)morals refer to the distinction between right and wrong and values to the worth of things.
D)values distinguish right and wrong and morals relate to the inherent worth of things.
8

Which view is embedded in this statement: some things are right or wrong regardless of the situation?
A)utilitarian
B)relativist
C)nihilist
D)universalist
9

A person with the ___________ view would likely believe that each living organism has inherent value.
A)stewardship
B)biocentric
C)anthropocentric
10

Our perception of nature is determined by
A)our ethical perspectives.
B)our religious upbringing.
C)our cultural traditions.
D)all of the above.
11

The ecofeminist view sees the role of humans in the world as
A)caregivers.
B)masters.
C)caretakers.
D)destroyers.
12

Evidence suggesting environmental racism is real includes observations that
A)lead levels in minority group children of inner cities are higher than in other children.
B)minorities make up twice the proportion of people in areas with locally unwanted land uses (LULUs) as in communities without LULUs.
C)minority populations are over-represented in areas near landfills or hazardous waste facilities.
D)all of the above constitute evidence for the existence of environmental racism.
13

Toxic colonialism occurs in a number of forms including:
A)attempts to locate waste dumps and other undesirable facilities on Native American reservations.
B)taking advantage of poor Third World countries by disposing of toxic wastes in such places.
C)use of environmentally risky technologies in poor countries but not in industrialized countries.
D)all of the above.
14

A hypothesis is
A)a tentative answer or response to an observation or question.
B)an actual experiment conducted to answer a question.
C)the gathering of concrete information other than through experimentation to help explain an observation.
D)a final conclusion arrived at after all evidence has been taken into account.
15

In science a theory is
A)simply someone's opinion.
B)a tentative explanation, comparable to a hypothesis.
C)an explanation supported by a substantial body of evidence.
D)speculation.
16

The broad thought model used in science to determine research directions, interpret results, and ultimately to refine theories is called the
A)hypothesis.
B)parsimony.
C)paradigm.
D)inductor.
17

Neo-Luddites feel
A)technology will be extremely important in solving environmental problems of the future.
B)science and technology create more problems than they solve.
C)that since what constitutes ethical behavior depends on context, environmental ethics will not be helpful resolving future environmental issues.
D)inductive science is better suited to resolve environmental dilemmas than hypothesis-driven science.
18

The relationship between Christianity and environmentalism has engendered significant discussion. Which of the following have become part of that discussion?
A)Some feel that past interpretations of the Bible have actually aggravated our environmental problems.
B)Evangelical Christians express support for the US Endangered Species Act.
C)Many people feel the Judeo-Christian teachings urge humans to play a stewardship role relative to nature.
D)All of the above are part of the religion/environment dialogue.
19

The process of science is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT which one? Science
A)attempts to keep explanations as simple as possible.
B)proves concepts and theories.
C)attempts to be objective.
D)is inherently sceptical.
20

Questions a "baloney" detector might ask to uncover pseudoscience include all of the following EXCEPT
A)How reliable are the sources of this claim?
B)Has the claim been supported by more than one source?
C)Was the underlying research funded by groups with a vested interest in the outcome?
D)What opinions does the general public have about the issue?
21

Scientific paradigms can be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT which one?
A)once agreed upon remain the unchanged forever.
B)are broad patterns of thought that guide thinking.
C)influence how we interpret evidence.
D)determine which questions we understand to be relevant to issues at hand.
22

The "not in my back yard" (NIMBY) phenomenon is expressed as protests against unwanted facilities in a local area.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
23

The process by which science works is useful to the general public in addition to scientists.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
24

The goal of double blind experiments is to eliminate potential biases in outcome due to both experimenters and test subjects.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
25

A person carefully gathering pieces of information to uncover a larger pattern is engaged in deductive reasoning.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
26

Biocentrists believe that humans are the only entities possessing inherent value.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
27

Creating a generalization based on several observations is an example of deductive reasoning.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
28

Environmental justice requires that all people have equal rights to a safe and healthy environment.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
29

If something cannot be directly experimented upon it is not considered to be a part of science.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE





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