 |
1 | |
For each pound of waste produced by a person in Europe or Japan, on average, _________ is produced in the U.S. |
|
| | A) | half a pound |
| | B) | one pound |
| | C) | two pounds |
| | D) | six pounds |
|
2 | |
__________ makes up, by weight, the greatest proportion of municipal waste in the U.S. |
|
| | A) | Metal |
| | B) | Paper |
| | C) | Glass and plastic |
| | D) | Yard waste |
|
3 | |
________ is readily recyclable. |
|
| | A) | Metal |
| | B) | Paper |
| | C) | Glass |
| | D) | Each of these |
|
4 | |
Drawbacks of landfilling waste include |
|
| | A) | the cost is increasing. |
| | B) | that they are potential health hazards. |
| | C) | the space is needed for other purposes. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
|
5 | |
The largest share of U.S. waste is |
|
| | A) | agriculture. |
| | B) | industrial. |
| | C) | mining. |
| | D) | municipal. |
|
6 | |
Waste processing and disposal areas are |
|
| | A) | more likely to be located in minority neighborhoods than white neighborhoods. |
| | B) | more likely to be located in low income areas than high income areas. |
| | C) | neither of the above. |
| | D) | both of the above. |
|
7 | |
Problems created by hazardous and toxic wastes include |
|
| | A) | cancer. |
| | B) | birth defects. |
| | C) | reduced resistance to infection. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
|
8 | |
The most common method of municipal solid waste disposal in the U.S. is _______, but in Japan is ________. |
|
| | A) | recycling, recycling |
| | B) | landfilling, incineration |
| | C) | landfilling, recycling |
| | D) | incineration, incineration |
|
9 | |
Contemporary landfills are required to |
|
| | A) | compact garbage at the end of each day and cover it with a layer of dirt. |
| | B) | have an impermeable layer of clay underneath the site. |
| | C) | construct a drainage system to collect and monitor leachate seeping to the bottom of the waste mass. |
| | D) | do all of the above. |
|
10 | |
Drawbacks to incineration of waste include |
|
| | A) | high initial construction cost. |
| | B) | production of air pollutants. |
| | C) | difficulty in safely disposing of the toxic ash that results. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
|
11 | |
Demanufacturing refers to a process by which |
|
| | A) | consumer appliances and computers are dismantled and valuable materials are recovered. |
| | B) | consumers are simplifying their lives and purchasing less stuff. |
| | C) | products are reused over and over rather than being remanufactured from recycled materials. |
| | D) | none of the above are involved. |
|
12 | |
Benefits of recycling include |
|
| | A) | reduction of pollution. |
| | B) | saving money. |
| | C) | saving energy. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
|
13 | |
Types of hazardous materials of greatest concern include |
|
| | A) | heavy metals. |
| | B) | solvents. |
| | C) | synthetic organic chemicals. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
|
14 | |
Excessive packaging makes up about ___ percent of municipal trash by volume. |
|
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 25 |
| | C) | 50 |
| | D) | 75 |
|
15 | |
The most preferable approach to municipal waste management, by far, is |
|
| | A) | recycling. |
| | B) | reduction of production. |
| | C) | reuse. |
|
16 | |
Household hazardous waste that should not be thrown away with other garbage include |
|
| | A) | pesticides. |
| | B) | oven cleaner. |
| | C) | paint and paint thinner. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
|
17 | |
Household wastes that properly can be flushed down the drain or toilet include all of the following EXCEPT |
|
| | A) | old medicines. |
| | B) | antifreeze. |
| | C) | window cleaner. |
| | D) | herbicides. |
|
18 | |
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requires |
|
| | A) | clean up of abandoned toxic waste disposal sites. |
| | B) | keeping records of the generation, transport, and final destination of hazardous materials. |
| | C) | rapid containment of spills. |
| | D) | manufacturers to let communities know what types of toxic materials are being made locally. |
|
19 | |
Brownfields are |
|
| | A) | properties contaminated with hazardous materials that are abandoned or not being fully used. |
| | B) | areas in which herbicides have accumulated in the soil such that normal plant growth is inhibited. |
| | C) | urban lands slated to become waste processing facilities. |
| | D) | lands that, because of geologic features, are best suited to host industries associated with handling hazardous materials. |
|
20 | |
Hazardous waste is legally defined as any waste that is |
|
| | A) | fatal to lab animals or humans in small doses. |
| | B) | explosive or highly reactive. |
| | C) | carcinogenic. |
| | D) | describable by any of the above. |
|
21 | |
Use of microbes and other life forms to remove toxic contaminants from soil and ground water |
|
| | A) | does not seem able to fulfill its early promise. |
| | B) | works but is less cost-effective than other approaches. |
| | C) | offers considerable promise for cleaning up contaminated material. |
| | D) | is the only fully risk-free method of decontamination devised so far. |
|
22 | |
Mixing different kinds of wastes together can reduce the potential for reuse. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
23 | |
The per ton cost of waste disposal is projected to continue to rise as fewer acceptable sites for waste disposal become available. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
24 | |
Poorer developing countries are often used as disposal sites for toxic wastes by richer countries. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
25 | |
Ash produced by solid waste incinerators typically contains a higher concentration of toxic material than unburned garbage. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
26 | |
The advent of plastic beer bottles is expected to significantly improve success rates of plastic recycling programs. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
27 | |
Production of new products from recycled materials instead of virgin materials requires significantly less energy. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
28 | |
Reusing products is preferable to recycling materials. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
|
29 | |
Unfortunately, much of excess packaging does not serve to protect the product, but is a marketing tool instead. |
|
| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |