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1 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the tenets of Darwin's theory of natural selection? |
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| | A) | Some individuals have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing than other individuals in the same population. |
| | B) | There are chance variations between individuals in a species. Some variations are heritable. |
| | C) | More offspring are produced in each generation than can be supported by the environment. |
| | D) | Equilibrium models help identify evolutionary forces that can change gene frequencies in populations. |
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2 | |
Alleles which prevent the expression of other alleles are called , while the alleles which they suppress are called . |
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3 | |
Plant populations of Potentilla glandulosa, which are locally adapted and genetically distinctive populations within a species, are called ecotypes. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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4 | |
Recent genetic analysis of three populations of Potentilla, using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, disproves the conjecture that the three populations are three separate species. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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5 | |
Glacially formed valleys, headwater streams, and lakes in the Alps have created |
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| | A) | geographically isolated populations of plants and animals. |
| | B) | reduced gene flow between populations. |
| | C) | extinction of cold water species. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
| | E) | Only a and b are correct. |
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6 | |
Genetic and morphological analyses performed by Douglas and Brunner suggest that the Coregonus of the central Alps is made up of a highly diverse set populations that show a high level of genetic differentiation and should be considered a (n) . |
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7 | |
Which of the following is NOT necessary to maintain constant allele frequencies in a population? |
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| | A) | small population size |
| | B) | no mutations |
| | C) | random mating |
| | D) | no immigration |
| | E) | none of the above |
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8 | |
The states that in a population mating at random in the absence of evolutionary forces, allele frequencies will remain constant. |
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9 | |
Stabilizing selection is a form of natural selection that can impede changes in population. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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10 | |
Which of the following best describes directional selection? |
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| | A) | Two or more phenotypes are common and drive diversity. |
| | B) | It occurs when one extreme phenotype has an advantage over all other phenotypes. |
| | C) | Larger individuals in a population have higher rates of survival than average and small individuals. |
| | D) | All of the above |
| | E) | b and c are correct. |
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11 | |
In the equation for heritability, VG represents whereas VP represents . |
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12 | |
If when determining heritability, there is no environmental effect, then VE will equal 100 since the equation is a ratio and the value is represented as a percentage. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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13 | |
What is the regression coefficient if X = 5, Y = 26, and a = 6? |
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| | A) | 6 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 12 |
| | D) | -8 |
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14 | |
Regression analysis uses the dependent variable to determine the regression line and the independent variable to determine heritability. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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15 | |
The genetic differences between soapberry bugs feeding on native and introduced soapberry populations provide evidence that these insects have undergone . |
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16 | |
Scientists are concerned that reduced habitat availability will ultimately _______. |
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| | A) | increase genetic drift |
| | B) | increase mutations |
| | C) | reduce genetic similarities |
| | D) | reduce genetic diversity |
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17 | |
are forms of an enzyme which researchers use to indicate genetic diversity in a population. |
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18 | |
Frankham's research demonstrates that island populations have genetic variation than mainland populations. |
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19 | |
Which of the following factors may influence the vulnerability of a small population to extinction? |
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| | A) | low genetic variation |
| | B) | inbreeding |
| | C) | reduced fecundity |
| | D) | all of the above |
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20 | |
Heterozygosity is a prime indicator of genetic variability. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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21 | |
Transplant experiments in which Potentilla glandulosa plants from three different climates were transplanted to climatically different garden sites indicate that the study populations were genetically . |
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22 | |
_______ are enzymes with the same biochemical function which researchers use to study genetic differences. |
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| | A) | Loci |
| | B) | Isozymes |
| | C) | Allozymes |
| | D) | Restriction enzymes |
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23 | |
Restriction fragments are specific sites on an enzyme that tells the nucleotide to replicate and create restriction enzymes. |
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| | A) | TRUE |
| | B) | FALSE |
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24 | |
During the method, randomly chosen primers are used to amplify unspecific DNA sequences. |
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25 | |
The genomes of many species including humans are determined by the process of _______. |
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| | A) | electrophoresis |
| | B) | DNA sequencing |
| | C) | RAPD method |
| | D) | isoenzyme analysis |