Please answer all questions

1		Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body?
			A)	epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
			B)	cells, organelles, phospholipid bilayer, lacteals
			C)	cells, tissues, organ systems
			D)	cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell nucleus, lysozomes
2		Which part of the brain is involved with sensations of hunger and satiety?
			A)	Axon terminal
			B)	Hypothalamus
			C)	Neuroglia
			D)	Serotonin
3		A diabetic must take their insulin as an injection rather than in the more convenient pill form. Why is this?
			A)	Insulin has such an unappealing taste most people would vomit when they took it orally.
			B)	Since insulin is a lipid, it is not very well digested or absorbed if taken orally.
			C)	As a protein hormone, insulin is deactivated when taken by mouth because its biological activity is destroyed by digestive enzymes.
			D)	Insulin must be injected in the arm because that is where it will have its greatest effect.
4		Four types of tastes are
			A)	Sweet, sour, salty and bitter
			B)	Sweet, spicy, salty and bitter
			C)	Sweet, spicy, salty and hot
			D)	Sweet, caffeine, acidic, grassy
5		As each bolus collects in the stomach, which of the following processes are initiated?
			A)	Protein digestion
			B)	Sterilization of the food
			C)	Formation of chyme
			D)	All of the above
6		The function of mucus in the stomach is to:
			A)	neutralize stomach acid.
			B)	activate pepsinogen to form pepsin.
			C)	protect stomach cells from autodigestion.
			D)	emulsify fats.
7		Most digestion and absorption takes place in the
			A)	Stomach
			B)	Small intestine
			C)	Pancreas
			D)	Large intestine
8		Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?
			A)	Breaks apart food particles
			B)	Controls passage of food through the GI tract
			C)	Controls peristalsis
			D)	Releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract
9		The liver is the first stop for most absorbed nutrients because it:
			A)	lies so close to the intestine.
			B)	controls blood flow to the heart.
			C)	is the end point for the portal vein.
			D)	must respond by making the correct amount of insulin.
10		Nutrients that enter the lymph for absorption are:
			A)	ascorbic acid, minerals, amino acids, and cholesterol.
			B)	short-chain fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol.
			C)	long-chain fatty acids, triglycerides, and vitamin A.
			D)	minerals, short-chain fatty acids, and carotenoids.
11		The digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by:
			A)	lipase.
			B)	pepsin.
			C)	saliva.
			D)	bacteria.
12		The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is replaced completely about every 2 to 5 days
			A)	to remove excess goblet cells that form when the diet is high in fat.
			B)	to break down the cells so the intestinal lining doesn't get too thick and thus prevent absorption of the nutrients.
			C)	due to incredible wear and tear on the lining of the GI tract.
			D)	since high fiber diets literally rub cells off of the intestinal lining when the fiber passes through the GI tract.
13		The gnawing pain in the upper chest that is caused by acid flowing back into the esophagus from the stomach is called:
			A)	lactose intolerance.
			B)	ulcer.
			C)	hemorrhoids.
			D)	heartburn.
14		A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to:
			A)	use a laxative when needed.
			B)	cut down on water intake.
			C)	include more high-fiber foods in the diet.
			D)	include fewer high-fiber foods in the diet.
15		After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?
			A)	Portal
			B)	Enterohepatic
			C)	Lymphatic
			D)	Mesentery
			E)	Systemic
16		Where does digestion begin?
			A)	Mouth
			B)	Stomach
			C)	Esophagus
			D)	Small intestine
			E)	Large intestine
17		Most digestion takes place in the
			A)	Mouth.
			B)	Stomach.
			C)	Small intestine.
			D)	Pancreas.
			E)	Large intestine.
18		What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?
			A)	Prevents esophageal contents from emptying too quickly into the stomach.
			B)	Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus.
			C)	Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach.
			D)	Prevents intestinal contents from emptying too quickly into the colon.
			E)	None of the above.
19		What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?
			A)	Bicarbonate
			B)	Mucus
			C)	Bile
			D)	Pancreatic juices
			E)	Gastrin
20		What percent of a meal has been digested by the time it leaves the small intestine?
			A)	25
			B)	55
			C)	80
			D)	95
			E)	100
21		These protein-based substances enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen.
			A)	Muscles.
			B)	Bile.
			C)	Emulsifiers.
			D)	Enzymes.
			E)	Hormones.
22		Absorbtion of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all the following mechanisms EXCEPT
			A)	Sustained absorpition.
			B)	Passive absorption.
			C)	Active absorption.
			D)	Facilitated absorption.
			E)	Endocytosis.
23		Which of the following substances is primarily involved in the emulsification of fat to faciliate its digestion?
			A)	Bicarbonate
			B)	Pancreatic jucies
			C)	Hydrochloric acid
			D)	Bile
			E)	Mucus
24		The villi of the small intestine
			A)	Provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption.
			B)	Store fat-soluble vitamins.
			C)	Continuously move food through the small intestine to the colon.
			D)	Inactivate enzymes consumed with food.
			E)	A and C.
25		Which of the following therapies is appropriate for ulcer treatment?
			A)	Aspirin
			B)	Antacids
			C)	Orange juice
			D)	Milk and cream
			E)	Caffeine