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1 | |
Metabolism refers to |
| | A) | pathways of chemical reactions that build compounds. |
| | B) | the glycolysis pathway. |
| | C) | the entire network of chemical processes involved in maintaining life and encompasses all of the sequences of chemical reactions that occur in the body. |
| | D) | the process of photosynthesis. |
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2 | |
The original source of all our energy is: |
| | A) | plants. |
| | B) | carbon dioxide. |
| | C) | sunlight. |
| | D) | oxygen. |
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3 | |
When a cell needs energy: |
| | A) | ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP. |
| | B) | ADP releases a phosphate group and becomes ATP. |
| | C) | ATP gains a phosphate group and becomes ADP. |
| | D) | ADP gains a phosphate group and becomes ATP. |
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4 | |
As an antioxidant vitamin E or C can donate electrons to highly reactive compounds. These antioxidants then become |
| | A) | oxidized |
| | B) | reduced |
| | C) | dehydrated |
| | D) | fermented |
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5 | |
In metabolism, glucose is degraded to carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is produced in: |
| | A) | glycolysis. |
| | B) | the electron transport chain. |
| | C) | the red blood cells. |
| | D) | the citric acid cycle. |
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6 | |
What is the net production of ATP in glycolysis using glucose? |
| | A) | 6 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 2 |
| | D) | ATP is not produced |
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7 | |
When glucose is split in glycolysis, it eventually forms two molecules of: |
| | A) | acetate. |
| | B) | glycerol. |
| | C) | pyruvate. |
| | D) | water. |
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8 | |
Which pathway ends with the production of two units of pyruvate? |
| | A) | electron transport chain |
| | B) | anaerobic glycolysis |
| | C) | citric acid cycle |
| | D) | aerobic glycolysis |
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9 | |
Muscle cells produce lactate, when needed, to: |
| | A) | speed up the citric acid cycle. |
| | B) | reform NAD. |
| | C) | make ADP. |
| | D) | make GTP. |
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10 | |
Compounds that can form acetyl-CoA do NOT include: |
| | A) | glucose and fructose. |
| | B) | amino acids. |
| | C) | fatty acids. |
| | D) | NAD. |
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11 | |
In the electron transport chain: |
| | A) | carbon dioxide is produced. |
| | B) | water is produced. |
| | C) | glucose is produced. |
| | D) | ketones are produced. |
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12 | |
The action of the cytochromes in donating all the electrons that have moved down the chain to oxygen could be described as a |
| | A) | a waterfall |
| | B) | a cascade |
| | C) | a bucket brigade |
| | D) | a volleyball game |
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13 | |
In beta-oxidation: |
| | A) | glycogen becomes many amino acids. |
| | B) | glucose becomes lactate. |
| | C) | fatty acids become many acetyl-CoA molecules. |
| | D) | triglycerides become chylomicrons. |
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14 | |
Which of the following statements is not true? |
| | A) | Fats must be broken down to glycerol and fatty acids before oxidation can occur. |
| | B) | Fatty acids are oxidized stepwise into 2-carbon fragments. |
| | C) | 2-carbon fragments of fatty acids enter the citric acid cycle to be oxidized. |
| | D) | 2-carbon fragments from fatty acids can be used to synthesize glucose. |
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15 | |
What compound transports fatty acids from the cytosol of the cell to the mitochondria for energy production? |
| | A) | Electrons |
| | B) | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| | C) | Pyruvate |
| | D) | Carnitine |
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16 | |
During catabolism, the fatty acids are first converted to: |
| | A) | triglycerides. |
| | B) | glycerol. |
| | C) | acetyl-CoA. |
| | D) | pyruvate. |
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17 | |
Which of the following statement is not true? |
| | A) | Deficiencies of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin may slow energy metabolism. |
| | B) | The citric acid cycle begins when acetyl-CoA combines with citric acid to form oxaloacetic acid. |
| | C) | Hydrogens released via the citric acid cycle are transported to the electron transport chain. |
| | D) | In the electron transport system hydrogen reacts with oxygen and some of the energy is trapped as ATP. |
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18 | |
"Fats burn in a fire of carbohydrate" means |
| | A) | Glucose provides many more calories than fat on a per gram basis |
| | B) | To maintain glycolysis it is necessary that fats provide the beginning fuel |
| | C) | The entire pathway for fatty acid oxidation works best when carbohydrate is present. |
| | D) | Carbohydrates provide all the ATP the cells need as long as fats provide the spark to start the whole process. |
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19 | |
In the metabolism of amino acids for energy, the amino group is: |
| | A) | excreted as urea. |
| | B) | burned for energy. |
| | C) | stored in the liver. |
| | D) | converted to glucose. |
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20 | |
Deamination involves: |
| | A) | removal of a protein from another protein molecule. |
| | B) | removal of an amino group from an amino acid. |
| | C) | removal of a carbon skeleton from a carbohydrate. |
| | D) | removal of a fatty acid from a glycerol molecule. |
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21 | |
Fasting encourages: |
| | A) | ketosis and gluconeogenesis. |
| | B) | glycogen and fat synthesis. |
| | C) | fat and protein breakdown. |
| | D) | A and C. |
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22 | |
After a person has fasted for a while, the brain adapts to using which of the following for some of its fuel needs? |
| | A) | fatty acids |
| | B) | amino acids |
| | C) | glycerol |
| | D) | ketone bodies |
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23 | |
Glycolysis begins with ____ and ends with ____. |
| | A) | pyruvate / H2O |
| | B) | H2O / pyruvate |
| | C) | pyruvate / glucose |
| | D) | glucose / pyruvate |
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24 | |
_____ pathways build compounds, whereas _____ pathways break down compounds into smaller units. |
| | A) | Metabolic, catabolic |
| | B) | Catabolic, anabolic |
| | C) | Anabolic, catabolic |
| | D) | Enzymatic, oxidative |
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25 | |
Energy released by the citric acid cycle is accepted by: |
| | A) | NAD |
| | B) | water |
| | C) | cytochromes |
| | D) | carbon dioxide |
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