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Essentials of Athletic Training Cover Image
Essentials of Athletic Training, 5/e
Daniel Arnheim
William Prentice, University of North Carolina
Nutritional Considerations

Chapter Overview

  • The classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
  • Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins provide the energy required for muscular work and also play a role in the function and maintenance of body tissues.
  • Protein supplementation is not necessary.
  • Vitamins are substances found in foods, which have no caloric value but are necessary to regulate body processes.
  • Antioxidants are nutrients that protect the body against various destructive agents.
  • Minerals are also involved in regulation of bodily functions and are used to form important body structures.
  • Water is the most essential nutrient and should be used with sports drinks in fluid replacement.
  • A nutritious diet consists of eating a variety of foods in the amounts recommended on the food pyramid. An athlete whose diet meets those recommendations may not need nutrient supplements.
  • Some people need extra iron and calcium.
  • The preevent meal should be (1) higher in carbohydrates, (2) easily digested, (3) eaten 2 to 4 hours before an event, and (4) acceptable to the athlete.
  • Glycogen supercompensation involves maximizing the stores of carbohydrate in muscle and liver before a competitive event.
  • Body composition analysis indicates the percentage of total body weight composed of fat tissue versus the percentage composed of lean tissue.
  • Changes in body weight are caused almost entirely by a change in caloric balance, which is a function of the number of calories taken in and the number of calories expended.
  • Weight can be lost by increasing caloric expenditure through exercise, by decreasing caloric intake through reducing food intake, or most effectively, by using a combination of moderate caloric restriction and a moderate increase in physical exercise during the course of each day.
  • Bulimia is an eating disorder that involves periodic binging and subsequent purging.
  • Anorexia nervosa is a form of mental illness in which a person reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure to the extent that the loss of body fat threatens health and life.








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