Chapter 1 - The Environment and Theoretical Structure of Financial Accounting The political process section has been updated to include a discussion of
the recent debate that occurred on the issue of accounting for business combinations Chapter 2
Revised material Chapters 3, 4 and 5
The order of these three chapters has been changed. In the second edition,
these chapters contained the following content: Chapter 3 The income statement and statement of cash flows
Chapter 4 Income measurement and profitability analysis
Chapter 5 The balance sheet and financial disclosures The new sequence is as follows: Chapter 3 The balance sheet and financial disclosures
Chapter 4 The income statement and statement of cash flows
Chapter 5 Income measurement and profitability analysis The reasons for this revision include the following:
The basic financial statements are now presented contiguously in chapters 3
and 4.
The balance sheet is now covered before presenting the material on the balance
sheet treatment of long-term contract accounting (in the chapter on income measurement) As with 2e, the topic of revenue recognition (Chapter 5) again follows immediately
after the income statement coverage (Chapter 4). Chapter 3 - The balance sheet and financial disclosures Revised material Chapter 4 - The income statement and statement of cash flows Part A of this chapter, the income statement, has been restructured by framing
the discussion of income statement presentation within the context of earnings
quality/earnings management. All of the content in the second edition is
still there, but the text discusses and illustrates income statement issues
relative to earnings quality. This issue is not just a hot topic likely to lose
its luster in the near future. Note the upcoming AAA conference devoted to earnings
quality. The restructure provides an appropriate and interesting way to walk
students through the income statement. In most chapters that follow, the
issue of earnings quality/earnings management is revisited, in most cases within
the context of decision makers' perspectives The discontinued operations section has been revised to reflect the impact
of SFAS 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets"
on accounting for discontinued operations. Chapter 5 - Income measurement and profitability analysis This chapter has also been reorganized. The two main headings within part
A are now: a. Revenue Recognition at a Point in Time, and
b. Revenue Recognition Over Time We believe this is a much more logical way to present the information to students.
Any specific revenue recognition issue falls nicely into one of these two logical
categories. The revised chapter includes a discussion of the SEC's Staff Accounting Bulletin
No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements," and the impact
this pronouncement has had on company revenue recognition policies. Chapter 6 - The Time Value of Money The chapter has been updated to include a discussion of SFAC No. 7, "Using
Cash Flow Information and Present Value in Accounting Measurements." Chapter 7 - Cash and Receivables Financing with receivables has become an increasingly popular method used
by companies to accelerate their cash flows. The entire section on financing
with receivables has been revised and updated to incorporate SFAS No. 140, "Accounting
for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities."
We believe this revision provides a better flow to the material. In addition,
we have added some real world examples to increase the relevance of the material. A decision makers' perspective section on cash management has been added. Chapter 8 - Inventories: Measurement A decision makers' perspective section on inventory management has been
added. Chapter 9 - Inventories: Additional Issues The introduction to Part A, The Lower of Cost or Market, has been revised
to provide increased real-world relevance to the topic. Chapters 10 and 11 - Operational Assets These two chapters cover accounting for operational assets. In 2e, Chapter
10 covered valuation at acquisition, including exchanges. Chapter 11 dealt with
utilization and disposition through sale or abandonment. As more than one reviewer
pointed out, it is impossible to cover nonmonetary exchanges without first addressing
monetary exchanges, i.e., disposition through sale. To compensate for this,
we have changed the title of Chapter 10 to "Acquisition and Disposition"
and Chapter 11 to "Utilization and Impairment." A new Part B has been
added to Chapter 10 entitled "Dispositions and Exchanges." The small
section on disposition through sale or abandonment has been moved from Chapter
11 to this Part of Chapter 10 along with all of the material on exchanges. These chapters have been updated to include the following new pronouncements: SFAS No. 141 - "Business Combinations"
SFAS No. 142 - "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets"
SFAS No. 143 - "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations"
SFAS No. 144 - "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived
Assets" Chapter 12 - Investments Part A: Graphic 12-1 was added to provide an overview of the six approaches
to accounting for investments. Accounting for held-to-maturity securities has been expanded. We revisit our
discussion of investments in debt securities to be held to maturity in Chapter
14, "Bonds and Long-term Notes" in order to more readily see that
accounting by the company that issues bonds and by the company that invests
in those bonds is opposite but parallel. That is, each side of the transaction
is the mirror image of the other. However, an Illustration was added to the
discussion in this chapter to help students understand what it means to report
these securities at amortized cost in the balance sheet and to contrast
that with accounting for available-for-sale and trading securities at fair value.
When we resume our discussion of bond investments in Chapter 14, we continue
the same numerical illustration we began in this chapter.
After illustrations on accounting for available-for-sale securities we added
a T-account analysis to reinforce the effect of the accounting treatment on
the accounts affected.
We added numerical demonstrations of the effects on the balance sheet, income
statement, and SCF.
An expanded discussion of comprehensive income is added, particularly as it
relates to available-for-sale securities.
Part B: We modified our discussion, illustrations, and end-of-chapter materials
pertaining to the equity method to conform with the new FASB standards eliminating
the amortization of goodwill and thus the effects of that elimination on previously
required adjustments in the equity method.
We moved our introduction to financial instruments and investment derivatives
to follow the Decision-Makers' Perspective. Chapter 13 - Current Liabilities In Chapter 6, we described a framework for taking into account any uncertainty
concerning the amounts and timing of the cash flows, introduced with Statement
of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 7, "Using Cash Flow Information and
Present Value in Accounting Measurements." We added a demonstration of
that approach in this chapter as it relates to measuring a warranty obligation
and compare it with the traditional way of measuring a warranty obligation.
We expanded the Decision Makers' Perspective section to consider the possibility
of management efforts to manipulate the ratios that measure liquidity including
timing strategies that manipulate the timing of revenue and expense recognition
in order to "smooth" income over time. Chapters 14 - Bonds and Long-Term Notes We reorganized the topics in this chapter to create a more logical flow
and to provide instructors greater flexibility in the choice of topics to be
covered. One result is apportioning the material into three parts rather than
the two parts in 2e. Part A. Bonds
Part B. Notes
Part C. Debt Retired Early, Convertible Into Stock, or Providing an Option
to Buy Stock
We moved the primary Derivatives coverage from this chapter to an Addendum to
the text, complete with typical end of "chapter" material. The topic
is introduced in Chapter 12:
In the aftermath of Enron and other financial losses that have grabbed headlines
in recent years, we expanded the Decision Makers' Perspective section to consider
risks associated with "off-balance-sheet" financing and other commitments
that don't show up on the face of financial statements but nevertheless expose
a company to risk and attempts to actively manage the risk associated with these
and other obligations. Chapter 15 - Leases We reorganized the topics in this chapter to create a more logical flow
and to provide instructors greater flexibility in the choice of topics to be
covered. One result is apportioning the material into four parts rather than
the two parts in 2e.
Part A. Accounting by the Lessor and Lessee
Part B. Residual Value and Bargain Purchase Options
Part C. Other Lease Accounting issues
Part D. Special Leasing Arrangements We clarified and expanded our discussion of the cash flow impact of each type
of lease. Chapter 16 - Accounting for Income Taxes Based on reviewer input, we eliminated our coverage of the tax effects of
accounting changes and error correction and the Appendix "Investment Revenue
from Equity Method Investees."
We expanded the Decision Makers' Perspective section to consider the implications
for earnings quality assessment of the discretionary nature of the valuation
allowance. Chapter 17 - Pensions We expanded the Decision Makers' Perspective section to consider the implications
for earnings quality assessment of amounts reported in pension disclosures.
Based on reviewer input, the service method of allocating prior service cost
is moved to an appendix in 3e, with only brief mention in the chapter.
Coverage of the Transition Cost is eliminated in 3e, based on the fact that
most companies have fully amortized it by now. Chapter 18 - Employee Benefit Plans We reorganized the topics in this chapter to create a more logical flow
and to provide instructors greater flexibility in the choice of topics to be
covered. One result is apportioning the material into three parts rather than
the two parts in 2e. Part A. Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions
Part B. Stock-Based Compensation Plans
Part C. Other Compensation Prior to Retirement
Employee Stock Ownership Plans is moved to an appendix. We expanded two Decision Makers' Perspective sections to consider:
The effect on ratio computations (such as the debt to equity ratio or return
on assets) of the postretirement benefit obligation not being part of the balance
sheet and how interested analysts can modify their analysis.
The stock-based compensation plans we discuss in this chapter as another motive
managers sometimes have to manipulate income. If a manager's personal compensation
includes company stock, stock options, or other compensation based on the value
of the firm's stock, it's not hard to imagine an increased desire to ensure
that market expectations are met and that reported earnings have a positive
effect on stock prices. Chapter 19 - Shareholders' Equity An expanded discussion of comprehensive income is added. The discussion
and illustrations focus on (a) comprehensive income created during the reporting
reported as part of the statement of shareholders' equity and (b) comprehensive
income accumulated over the current and prior periodsreported
as a separate component of shareholders' equity.
The section on receivables from share purchase contracts is rewritten using
Enron's infamous experience as the backdrop for the discussion.
The section on stock buybacks is rewritten to focus on accounting for treasury
stock by the "cost method," limiting coverage of the "par value
method" to brief comment only. The rationale is that the par value method
has virtually disappeared from practice. The result is a more concise and clear
discussion. Chapter 20 - Earnings Per Share We expanded the Decision Makers' Perspective section to consider the recent
and controversial practice of companies reporting "pro forma" earnings
per share and the possibility that companies judiciously use share buybacks
to enhance the appearance of EPS numbers. Chapter 21 - Accounting Changes and Errors We expanded the section on accounting errors using Enron's error correction
experience as the backdrop for the discussion. Chapters 22 - The Statement of Cash Flows Revisited We reorganized the topics in this chapter into three parts rather than the
one part in 2e. In the third edition, the chapter is divided into three parts: Part A: The Content and Value of the Statement of Cash Flows
Part B: The Direct Method of Reporting Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Part C: The Indirect Method of Reporting Cash Flows from Operating Activities
A key advantage of this division is to provide instructors greater flexibility
in the choice of topics to be covered, particularly in the relative focus on
the direct and indirect methods of reporting operating activities. |