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Multiple Choice
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1

Radiation consists of
A)protons and neutrons.
B)alpha, beta or gamma rays.
C)mesons.
D)baryons, leptons and quarks.
2

What are alpha rays?
A)hydrogen nuclei
B)electromagnetic radiation
C)electrons
D)helium nuclei
3

What are gamma rays?
A)hydrogen nuclei
B)electromagnetic radiation
C)electrons
D)helium nuclei
4

What are beta rays?
A)hydrogen nuclei
B)electromagnetic radiation
C)electrons
D)helium nuclei
5

Which kind of radiation has no electric charge?
A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)positron
D)gamma ray
6

Protons and neutrons are called nucleons. The strongest interaction between nucleons is the
A)electromagnetic interaction force.
B)nuclear force.
C)gravitational force.
D)vibration force.
7

Which of the spontaneous nuclear decay modes preserves the mass number? The emission of
A)protons.
B)alpha rays.
C)beta rays.
D)neutrons.
8

Which of the spontaneous nuclear decay modes preserves the charge? The emission of
A)protons.
B)alpha rays.
C)beta rays.
D)gamma rays.
9

Isotopes of an element are nuclei which have the same number of
A)protons and neutrons.
B)neutrons and electrons.
C)electrons and protons.
D)nucleons and protons.
10

An alpha ray has
A)one proton and three neutrons.
B)two protons and two neutrons.
C)three protons and three neutrons.
D)four protons.
11

The radioactive decay constant is a property of the
A)element.
B)charge.
C)isotope.
D)isobar.
12

A half-life is defined as the time needed for half of the
A)nuclei of a radioactive isotope decay by means of spontaneous radiation.
B)that the nucleus is emitted.
C)radioactive decay series to be completed.
D)nuclei of an element to decay.
13

The most frequent end product of a radioactive decay series is
A)a helium isotope.
B)an iron isotope.
C)a lead isotope.
D)an uranium isotope.
14

Half-lives of radioactive isotopes
A)are very short.
B)are very long.
C)are range from seconds to days.
D)vary from shorter than a millisecond to millions of years.
15

A curie is a measure of
A)radiation received by a material.
B)biological effect of radiation.
C)nuclear disintegrations per unit timed.
D)radiation damage.
16

A picocurie is
A)a millionth of a millionth of a curie.
B)a thousandth of a millionth of a curie.
C)a billion curies.
D)a millionth of a curie.
17

A rem is a measure of
A)radiation received by a material.
B)biological effect of radiation.
C)nuclear disintegrations per unit time.
D)radiation damage.
18

Which radiation is the easiest to shield?
A)alpha radiation
B)beta radiation
C)gamma radiation
D)neutron radiation
19

Background radiation, radiation from natural sources, amounts to
A)1 to 10 millirem per year.
B)10 to 100 millirem per year.
C)100 to 500 millirem per year.
D)1 to 10 rem per year.
20

The sum of the masses of the individual particles when they are not making up a nucleus is always
A)greater.
B)equal.
C)smaller.
D)all of the above.
21

The control rods in a nuclear reactor
A)absorb neutrons.
B)supply neutrons.
C)slow down neutrons.
D)speed up neutrons.
22

The moderator in a nuclear reactor
A)absorbs neutrons.
B)supplies neutrons.
C)slows down neutrons.
D)speeds up neutrons.
23

Fusion takes place when
A)a nucleus breaks up into smaller nuclei.
B)a nucleus becomes excited.
C)two nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus.
D)a chain reaction occurs.
24

The predominant energy-producing reaction in the sun is
A)nuclear fission.
B)nuclear fusion.
C)nuclear decay.
D)radioactivity.
25

Atoms that undergo fusion are most likely those of
A)heavy elements.
B)light elements.
C)intermediate elements.
D)very heavy elements.





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