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Multiple Choice
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1

Approximately what percentage of the earth's water is freshwater?
A)3%
B)20%
C)75%
D)97%
2

Approximately what percentage of the earth's water is available freshwater?
A)1%
B)3%
C)75%
D)98%
3

The majority of the stream flow in a permanent stream comes from
A)recent rainfall.
B)recent snow melt.
C)groundwater.
D)none of the above
4

On average, what percentage of rainfall becomes runoff?
A)1%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%
5

Rainfall falling on Phoenix, Arizona will eventually empty into which ocean?
A)Atlantic
B)Gulf of Mexico
C)Indian
D)Pacific
6

Which of the following is not categorized as surface water?
A)stream
B)aquifer
C)reservoir
D)lake
7

Groundwater is found in greatest quantities in soils with _____ porosity and _____ permeability.
A)high/high
B)high/low
C)low/high
D)low/low
8

A groundwater well should be dug to a depth
A)above the water table.
B)at the top of the water table.
C)above the zone of saturation.
D)below the water table.
9

Groundwater is most often treated to remove
A)bacteria.
B)toxic pollutants.
C)dissolved minerals.
D)sediments.
10

Why is groundwater used less frequently than surface water?
A)Groundwater use requires substantial inputs of energy to pump it to the surface.
B)Groundwater is naturally filtered in the soil.
C)Groundwater requires less pre-treatment than surface waters.
D)none of the above
11

Which stage of wastewater treatment removes suspended particles by sedimentation?
A)primary
B)secondary
C)post-secondary
12

Secondary treatment removes organic wastes from wastewater through the biological action of
A)parasites
B)fish
C)algae
D)bacteria
13

The geologically active "ring of fire" circles which ocean?
A)Atlantic
B)Indian
C)Pacific
D)Gulf of Mexico
14

Land comprises _____ percent of the earth's total surface are
A)10
B)30
C)50
D)70
15

Evaporation and ice formation lead to a(n) ______ in seawater salinity.
A)increase
B)decrease
C)no change
16

The most common type of pollution in estuaries in the United States is
A)bacterial pathogens.
B)oil spills.
C)toxic metals.
D)excessive nutrients.
17

Plant life in sunlit ocean waters tends to decrease water concentrations of
A)carbon dioxide.
B)oxygen.
C)nitrogen.
18

Which of the following statements about waves is false?
A)No water particle movement occurs below a depth = 1/2λ.
B)Waves transport water molecules across the open ocean.
C)Waves become breakers near the shore when ocean depth is 1 1/3 times wave height.
D)Breakers form due to friction between the circular motion of water particles and the ocean bottom.
19

Which of the following is not a cause of ocean currents?
A)winds that blow persistently in the same direction
B)density differences in seawater
C)underwater seismic activity
20

Which of the following generally increases the density of water?
A)lower salinity
B)lower temperature
C)lower sediment levels
21

Which of the following components of the ocean bottom is located the greatest distance from the shore?
A)continental slope
B)continental shelf
C)ocean basin
22

Seafloor is created at _____ and destroyed at _____.
A)mid-ocean ridges, hydrothermal vents
B)hydrothermal vents, subduction zones
C)subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges
D)mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones
23

The primary human-induced cause for the decline in submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay is the input of
A)blue crabs.
B)toxic metals.
C)nutrients.
D)algae.
24

The Mediterranean is a shallow sea of the
A)Atlantic Ocean.
B)Pacific Ocean.
C)Indian Ocean.
D)Arctic Ocean.
25

A tsunami is a large wave created by
A)sea-floor spreading.
B)underwater earthquake.
C)subduction of sea floor.
D)all of the above





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