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1 | |
Sunlight is a form of electromagnetic radiation and has all except which one of the following characteristics? |
| | A) | The sun emits many wavelengths in it spectrum of radiation. |
| | B) | Some wavelengths from the sun are not visible to the human eye. |
| | C) | The human eye is most sensitive to the wavelength that is also the most intense produced by the sun. |
| | D) | The heat energy received from the sun is about the same temperature as the sun. |
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2 | |
About 9 percent of the sun's energy is ultraviolet radiation. This radiation has which of the following characteristics? |
| | A) | Wavelengths are shorter than visible light wavelength. |
| | B) | Is more penetrating than visible light. |
| | C) | Causes damage to human skin. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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3 | |
Ultraviolet radiation is classified into two types: ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB). Which of the following is a correct comparison of the two? |
| | A) | UVA has a shorter wavelength than UVB. |
| | B) | UVA penetrates more deeply and causes more permanent damage than UVB. |
| | C) | UVA is most predominant between the hours of 9am to 3pm. |
| | D) | Natural outdoor shade, such as trees, provides complete protection from both UVA and UVB. |
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4 | |
Plants have the ability to capture sunlight radiation and use it to produce their own food. The process by which this occurs is called photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a step in the photosynthesis process? |
| | A) | Plants capture light energy in chlorophyll. |
| | B) | Chlorophyll separates water into hydrogen and oxygen. |
| | C) | Plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and combine it with hydrogen to produce carbohydrates. |
| | D) | Plants release excess hydrogen to the atmosphere. |
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5 | |
What are the three possible results that occur when light strikes matter? |
| | A) | Light can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted. |
| | B) | Light can be deflected, absorbed, or transmitted. |
| | C) | Light can be deflected, diffused, or absorbed. |
| | D) | Light can be reflected, diffused, or absorbed. |
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6 | |
How do opaque materials differ from transparent materials? |
| | A) | Most light is transmitted through transparent materials whereas opaque materials mostly reflect and absorb light. |
| | B) | Light reflected from opaque materials gives rise to color; transparent materials are largely colorless. |
| | C) | Both A an B. |
| | D) | Neither A nor B. |
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7 | |
When an object is observed, the observation is a result of which interaction of light with matter? |
| | A) | Transmission. |
| | B) | Diffusion. |
| | C) | Reflection. |
| | D) | Absorption. |
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8 | |
According to the law of reflection, from what direction is light coming after it is reflected from a mirror? |
| | A) | The same direction as the incident ray, as measured from the surface of the mirror. |
| | B) | The same direction as the incident ray, as measured from the normal to the mirror. |
| | C) | Some light comes directly from the object and some passes through the mirror. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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9 | |
When a person sees herself in a mirror, what do her eyes observe? |
| | A) | A virtual image whose rays originate at the person. |
| | B) | A virtual image formed from light rays that originate behind the mirror. |
| | C) | A real image whose rays appear to originate at the person. |
| | D) | A real image whose rays originate behind the mirror. |
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10 | |
Which of the following statements is true about light refraction? |
| | A) | Refraction occurs because light always speeds up when it passes from one transparent material to another. |
| | B) | Refraction always results in a light ray being bent toward the normal. |
| | C) | Under certain conditions light will be reflected instead of refracted at a boundary between two transparent materials. |
| | D) | Index of refraction is measure of the angular refractiveness of a material. |
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11 | |
What is the primary purpose of a lens? |
| | A) | To make objects appear larger. |
| | B) | To make contact lenses or eyeglasses. |
| | C) | To form an image of an object. |
| | D) | To perform visual transformations. |
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12 | |
What are the basic shapes of lenses? |
| | A) | Convex with center bulging in and concave with center bulging in. |
| | B) | Convex with center bulging in and concave with center bulging out. |
| | C) | Convex with center bulging out and concave with center bulging in. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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13 | |
An eye malfunction that requires corrective lenses is which of the following? |
| | A) | A lens that becomes less pliable. |
| | B) | A lens that becomes more pliable. |
| | C) | A retina that changes position. |
| | D) | A retina that does not move. |
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14 | |
The primary difference between a digital camera and a conventional camera is |
| | A) | a conventional camera uses convex lenses and a digital camera uses concave lenses. |
| | B) | a conventional camera records an image on film whereas a digital camera records an image electronically. |
| | C) | a conventional camera must be focused whereas a digital camera does not need to be focused. |
| | D) | finished photos are more quickly available with conventional cameras than with digital cameras. |
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15 | |
In terms of the speed of light in a vacuum, c, the index of refraction in a material is |
| | A) | equal to c divided by the velocity in the material and is always greater than 1.000. |
| | B) | equal to the velocity of light in the material divided by c and is always less than 1.000. |
| | C) | equal to c divided by the velocity in the material and is always less than 1.000. |
| | D) | equal to the velocity of light in the material divided by c and is always greater than 1.000. |
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16 | |
Index of refraction can change for a gas such as air. What causes the change and what is a consequence of such a change? |
| | A) | An increase in temperature reduces index of refraction slightly causing light to travel slightly slower at higher temperature. |
| | B) | An increase in temperature reduces air's index of refraction which causes horizontal light rays to bend from a layer of hotter air to a layer of cooler air. |
| | C) | A decrease in temperature increases index of refraction and there is no change in the propagation light from hot air to cool air. |
| | D) | The index of refraction of air will change if the wind is blowing and light rays are thereby deflected. |
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17 | |
The index of refraction of glass is different for different wavelengths of light. Which of the following is a consequence of this fact? |
| | A) | Angles of refraction are different for different wavelengths of light. |
| | B) | A prism will separate sunlight into its constituent wavelengths, which are identified by their colors. |
| | C) | When prism-separated light is incident on another prism, the colors are combined back into white light. |
| | D) | All of the above are true. |
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18 | |
Two early theories of the nature of light and the scientists advocating them were which of the following? |
| | A) | Particle theory and ether theory proposed by Newton and Huygens, respectively. |
| | B) | Particle theory and wave theory proposed by Huygens and Newton. |
| | C) | Particle theory and wave theory proposed by Newton and Einstein. |
| | D) | Particle theory proposed by Newton and wave theory proposed by Huygens. |
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19 | |
What optical effect demonstrated by Young could only be explained in terms of a wave model of light? |
| | A) | The refraction of light through a pinhole. |
| | B) | The reflection of light from a mirror. |
| | C) | The interference of light passing through two slits. |
| | D) | The diffraction of light around an obstacle. |
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20 | |
Polarization could not be adequately explained in terms of a wave theory of light until the following development |
| | A) | Light was understood to be formed from transverse rather than longitudinal waves. |
| | B) | Most scientists abandoned the particle theory of light. |
| | C) | Polaroid materials were synthesized in the laboratory. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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21 | |
Which of the following could not be explained by a wave theory of light? |
| | A) | Interference |
| | B) | Polarization |
| | C) | Photoelectric effect |
| | D) | Diffraction |
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22 | |
Understanding of the photoelectric effect required a new physical concept. That concept which eventually revolutionized physics was |
| | A) | quantization of energy. |
| | B) | black-body radiation. |
| | C) | wave dynamics. |
| | D) | Planck's constant. |
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23 | |
What famous scientist successfully explained the photoelectric effect? |
| | A) | Planck |
| | B) | Foucault |
| | C) | Polaroid |
| | D) | Einstein |
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24 | |
What understanding of the nature of light was needed to explain the photoelectric effect? Light was considered to be |
| | A) | a pulsating wave. |
| | B) | a stream of discrete particle-like photons of energy. |
| | C) | a stream of tiny masses, bobbing up and down like waves. |
| | D) | the flow of ether particles of continuous energy. |
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25 | |
How can the two seemingly distinct properties of light be reconciled? |
| | A) | One particular model may be used to explain the behavior that fits that model. The other model will explain the other behavior. |
| | B) | Light exists at an extremely small scale and therefore its behavior cannot be entirely rationalized on the basis of everyday large-scale behavior. |
| | C) | Both A and B. |
| | D) | Neither A nor B. A dual nature of anything is unphysical. |
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