| argumentation | a pattern of essay development in which a writer attempts to support a controversial point or to defend a position on which there is difference of opinion
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| audience | the group of readers for whom the writer writes; purpose and audience must always be kept in mind when writing (to write effectively), and when analyzing pieces of writing (to understand correctly)
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| cause and effect | a pattern of essay development in which the causes and/or effects of an event are analyzed; form of exposition
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| comparison and contrast | a pattern of essay development in which two or more things are compared or contrasted; form of exposition
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| definition | a pattern of essay development in which a term or concept is defined; form of exposition
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| description | a pattern of essay development: verbal picture of a person, place, or thing
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| division and classification | a pattern of essay development; form of exposition
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| examples | a pattern of essay development in which a writer provides examples that support his/her point; form of exposition
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| exposition | an essay form in which the writer provides information about and explains a certain subject; examples, process, cause and effect, comparison and contrast, definition, and division and classification are forms of exposition
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| first-person point of view | writing of one's own experience and speaking in one's own voice, using "I' and "we"; often considered too informal for college writing, except in narration
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| narration | a pattern of essay development: a story told of a past event
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| peer review | evaluation of a student's piece of writing by a classmate or other student
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| personal review | self-evaluation of writing, using (for example) the guidelines on the four bases of good writing (unity, support, coherence, sentence skills)
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| point of view | the stance or approach a writer takes in writing. There are three different points of view in writing: first-person, second-person, and third-person
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| process | a pattern of essay development in which the procedure for doing or making something is detailed; form of exposition
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| purpose | a writer's reason for writing; the three most common purposes in writing are to inform, to persuade, and to entertain
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| second-person point of view | writing directly to the reader, using "you"
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| third-person point of view | writing without making direct reference either to oneself or to the reader, using "he," "she," "it," "they," etc.; the most common point of view in academic writing
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education