Choose the best answer

1		When a law discriminates along racial lines and thus becomes a suspect classification, its constitutionality is subject to the Supreme Court's:
			A)	strict-scrutiny test.
			B)	reasonable-basis test.
			C)	intermediate test.
			D)	three-pronged test.
2		Disadvantaged Americans have gained their rights:
			A)	through the enlightened policies of advantaged Americans.
			B)	through judicial action only.
			C)	through struggle against entrenched interests.
			D)	mainly through action by states rather than the federal government.
3		"Redlining" refers to:
			A)	discrimination by banks in the granting of mortgages and loans.
			B)	the refusal by hotels to supply service to African Americans.
			C)	restrictive clauses prohibiting the resale of property to "undesirable" groups.
			D)	overt discrimination by landlords in their advertisements.
4		Regarding the rights and status of women: the Equal Rights Amendment became the 27th Amendment when it was ratified in 1982. the women's rights movement began in the World War I era and ended with passage of the 19th Amendment. women have made clear gains in the areas of appointive and elective offices. on the average, full-time women employees earn only about three-fourths as much as full-time men employees.
			A)	2 and 3.
			B)	1 and 4.
			C)	1 and 2.
			D)	3 and 4.
			E)	all the above.
5		Asian Americans:
			A)	make up the only minority group that has not experienced discrimination in America.
			B)	were at one time denied entry into the United States on account of their race.
			C)	are overrepresented in top positions in society.
			D)	have been excluded from the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
6		The Supreme Court rejected the constitutionality of "separate but equal" facilities in:
			A)	Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
			B)	Reed v. Reed.
			C)	Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education.
			D)	Plessy v. Ferguson.
7		In U.S. v. Virginia the Supreme Court held that:
			A)	the male-only admission policy at state-supported VMI was unconstitutional.
			B)	male-only registration for the military draft is constitutional.
			C)	state-supported male-only colleges are constitutional.
			D)	women-only colleges are permissible under law.
8		Affirmative action arose as a policy when:
			A)	it became apparent that disadvantaged Americans would not attain equal employment opportunities through law suits that benefitted single individuals only.
			B)	the Supreme Court declared in Bakke that the Fourteenth Amendment requires government and large firms to hire more women and minorities.
			C)	the Supreme Court ruled that de facto discrimination is unlawful.
			D)	private firms decided on their own that a more diverse workforce was actually a more productive and effective workforce.
9		An example of a policy that aimed chiefly to overcome de facto discrimination is:
			A)	the Equal Rights Amendment.
			B)	the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
			C)	busing to achieve racial integration in the schools.
			D)	"redlining."
10		The Civil Rights Act of 1964 dealt chiefly with discrimination in:
			A)	schools.
			B)	housing.
			C)	public accommodations.
			D)	voting.
11		Racism in America:
			A)	ended with the defeat of the South in the Civil War.
			B)	is a proper issue to address under the concept of civil rights.
			C)	cannot be addressed under the U. S. Constitution.
			D)	only pertains to African Americans.
12		Creation of election districts that favor election of minority-group members to Congress:
			A)	is strictly prohibited by the Voting Rights Act and its extensions.
			B)	has been encouraged by recent Supreme Court decisions.
			C)	makes it illegal to redraw election district boundaries to reduce the voting power of a minority group.
			D)	provides that race cannot be the dominant or deciding factor in redrawing districts especially in Texas, Georgia and North Carolina.
13		The legal standard for sexual harassment in the workplace is:
			A)	to view women as sex objects in a discrete manner.
			B)	to permit the display of sex-related pictures or objects as long as women are not forced to view them.
			C)	to apply the "reasonable woman" standard.
			D)	to provide separate work areas for men and women within reason.
14		Which of the following statements is not true about the current status of Native Americans:
			A)	About half of them live on reservations set aside for them by the federal government.
			B)	They are significantly more likely to attend college than other Americans.
			C)	They have lower life expectancies than the national average.
			D)	They have a much higher infant mortality rate than that of white Americans.
15		Opponents of affirmative action have argued that the policy:
			A)	results in widespread reverse discrimination against white males.
			B)	inevitably degenerates into a quota system, and therefore violates the law.
			C)	is fair only when it is "victim specific," applying only to those individuals who are personally discriminated against and hence deserve to benefit from government intervention.
			D)	a and c only.
			E)	a, b and c.