| Alienation | A feeling of personal powerlessness that includes the notion that government does not care about the opinions of people like oneself.
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| Apathy | A feeling of personal non-interest or unconcern with politics.
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| Civic duty | The belief that civic and political participation is a responsibility of citizenship.
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| Political participation | A sharing in activities designed to influence public policy and leadership such as voting, joining political parties and interest groups, writing to elected officials, demonstrating for political causes and giving money to political candidates.
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| Prospective voting | A form of electoral judgment in which voters choose the candidate whose policy promises most closely match their own preferences.
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| Registration | The practice of placing citizens' names on an official list of voters before they are eligible to exercise their right to vote.
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| Retrospective voting | A form of electoral judgment in which voters support the incumbent candidate or party when their policies are judged to have succeeded and oppose the candidate or party when their policies are judged to have failed.
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| Social capital | Consists of the sum of the face-to-face civic interactions among citizens in a society.
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| Social (political) movements | Active and sustained efforts to achieve social and political change by groups of people who feel that government has not been properly responsive to their concerns.
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| Suffrage | The right to vote.
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| Voter turnout | The proportion of persons of voting age who actually vote in a given election.
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