Please answer all questions

1		Democrats and Republicans have endured as the two major U.S. parties primarily due to:
			A)	their ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
			B)	the stability of their ideologies.
			C)	the lack of good third-party candidates.
			D)	a high degree of party discipline.
2		The major structural characteristic that helps perpetuate the American two-party system is:
			A)	the fact that there are naturally two sides to political disputes.
			B)	regional conflict.
			C)	single-member election districts.
			D)	state laws prohibiting the placement of a third major party on the ballot.
3		The organizational structure of the major U.S. parties can be described as:
			A)	centralized and fragmented.
			B)	decentralized and fragmented.
			C)	decentralized and dependent.
			D)	centralized and independent.
4		The Prohibition and Right-to-Life parties have been examples of what type of minor political party?
			A)	single-issue
			B)	ideological
			C)	economic
			D)	factional
5		The greatest blow to the organizational strength of U.S. parties was:
			A)	the national nominating convention.
			B)	reforms of Jacksonian democracy.
			C)	the emergence of PACs.
			D)	the direct primary election.
6		During the twentieth century, American political parties have lost power over all except which one of the following:
			A)	nominations for office.
			B)	financing.
			C)	public government jobs.
			D)	get-out-the-vote efforts on election day.
7		The two major U.S. parties tend to build broad coalitions of supporters because of America's tendency toward:
			A)	moderation.
			B)	apathy.
			C)	idealism.
			D)	tolerance.
8		The "new politics" is characterized by all except which one of the following:
			A)	television advertising.
			B)	direct-mail fundraising.
			C)	door-to-door convassing.
			D)	opinion poll analysis.
9		Candidate-centered politics encourages all except which one of the following:
			A)	greater responsiveness to local interests.
			B)	flexibility in response to problems.
			C)	introduction of "new blood" to politics.
			D)	low-cost campaigns.
10		In a proportional representation party system, seats in a nation's legislature are allocated to the:
			A)	party with the highest number of people running on the ballot.
			B)	parties based on the percentage of the popular vote received.
			C)	winner of a numerical majority who takes all the seats.
			D)	members of the party who won a plurality of the votes.
11		The primary goal of a major U.S. political party is to:
			A)	gain control of government by electing its candidates to office.
			B)	draw attention to a particular issue.
			C)	increase voter turnout.
			D)	share in the spoils of office.
12		Rewarding people who worked for party politics by giving them government jobs is called:
			A)	corruption.
			B)	party-centered politics.
			C)	candidate-centered politics.
			D)	patronage.
13		National and state political parties in modern candidate-centered campaigns:
			A)	avoid fund raising on behalf of candidates.
			B)	insist on total control of candidates using the party's label.
			C)	tend to assume a service role to help candidates get elected.
			D)	emphasize having a power relationship rather than a service relationship with the candidate.
14		Realigning elections have an important impact on:
			A)	national policy.
			B)	party identification.
			C)	subsequent elections.
			D)	b and c only.
			E)	a, b and c.
15		The term "soft money" refers to:
			A)	use of paper money rather than coins in campaigns.
			B)	raising money that goes directly to a specific candidate rather than to the party in general.
			C)	money that is used for media advertising only.
			D)	money that is given to the political party in general and not specifically targeted for a particular congressional or presidential campaign.