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1 | |
The British anthropologist Edward Tylor said that culture is: |
| | A) | acquired by a man as a member of society |
| | B) | adaptive |
| | C) | symbolic |
| | D) | transmitted through observation |
| | E) | taught directly |
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2 | |
Societies are integrated and patterned through all of the following, except: |
| | A) | social patterns. |
| | B) | core values. |
| | C) | key symbols. |
| | D) | economic forces. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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3 | |
Enculturation is: |
| | A) | the process by which culture is reduced. |
| | B) | the process by which culture becomes adaptive. |
| | C) | the process by which a child learns his or her culture. |
| | D) | the process by which a culture is transformed. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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4 | |
Clifford Geertz characterizes culture as: |
| | A) | a process of enculturation. |
| | B) | a biological necessity. |
| | C) | biologically adaptive. |
| | D) | a set of control mechanisms to govern behavior. |
| | E) | only partially shared. |
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5 | |
Which of the following is an example of a cultural trait that is acquired unconsciously? |
| | A) | Knowing when to say "thank-you." |
| | B) | Knowing when to take out the trash. |
| | C) | Knowing how far to stand away from someone during a conversation. |
| | D) | Knowing how to write a college essay. |
| | E) | Knowing how to pronounce "anthropology." |
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6 | |
The "psychic unity of man" implies that: |
| | A) | regardless of their genes or physical appearance, people can learn any cultural tradition. |
| | B) | there are always changes in the process by which a child learns his or her culture. |
| | C) | culture is transmitted unconsciously. |
| | D) | people use their cultural system to make judgments, define their world, shape behavior, and shape their perceptions. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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7 | |
We are most likely to agree and feel comfortable with: |
| | A) | people who are socially, economically, and culturally similar to ourselves. |
| | B) | anthropologists. |
| | C) | our parents. |
| | D) | people with whom we share a "psychic unity." |
| | E) | people with whom we share linguistic symbols. |
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8 | |
A symbol is: |
| | A) | necessarily verbal. |
| | B) | naturally connected to the object it signifies. |
| | C) | universal to a culture. |
| | D) | not necessary for culture. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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9 | |
Examples of maladaptive cultural behaviors include: |
| | A) | overconsumption. |
| | B) | pollution. |
| | C) | use of aerosols. |
| | D) | development leading to deforestation. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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10 | |
Examples of American core values include everything except: |
| | A) | individualism. |
| | B) | self-reliance. |
| | C) | people should keep a certain distance between themselves during conversations. |
| | D) | work ethic. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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11 | |
According to the text, the "real culture" is: |
| | A) | the one best suited to a given environment. |
| | B) | what people say they should do and what they say they do. |
| | C) | contested. |
| | D) | symbolic. |
| | E) | what people actually do. |
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12 | |
An example of a level of culture is: |
| | A) | subculture. |
| | B) | ideal culture. |
| | C) | international culture. |
| | D) | national culture. |
| | E) | items "a", "c", and "d" |
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13 | |
Cultural relativism is: |
| | A) | the tendency to view your own culture as superior and to apply your own cultures values to judge the behavior and beliefs of people in other cultures. |
| | B) | the notion that groups have a right to preserve their culture. |
| | C) | the argument that one culture should not be judged by the standards of another. |
| | D) | the argument that there is a realm of justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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14 | |
Indigenous intellectual property rights include the notion that: |
| | A) | indigenous groups should control who may know and use their collective knowledge and its applications. |
| | B) | cultures are free to raise children as they see fit. |
| | C) | human rights are inalienable. |
| | D) | there is a realm of justice and morality beyond countries, religions, and cultures. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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15 | |
Which of the following is not a mechanism of cultural change? |
| | A) | acculturation |
| | B) | globalization |
| | C) | independent invention |
| | D) | diffusion |
| | E) | enculturation |
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