Web Links

General links about anthropological research on the origin of cities and states

World Heritage Sites
http://whc.unesco.org/nwhc/pages/sites/main.htm
The UNESCO website that lists all the "World Heritage Sites," including virtual tours of some of the sites. Quote: "With 754 cultural and natural sites already protected worldwide, the World Heritage Committee is working to make sure that future generations can inherit the treasures of the past." Click on the list of sites in different regions.

The rise of civilizations
http://www.onewest.net/~dollan/timeline08.html
This site provides a useful time line and chronology for the major events before, during, and immediately after the rise of many civilizations.

Health and the Rise of Civilization
http://www.primitivism.com/health-civilization.htm
An excerpt from Mark N. Cohen's book Health and the Rise of Civilization. Cohen is also the author of Culture of Intolerance, whose first chapter is also the first selection in Reflections on Anthropology.

World Civilizations
http://pw1.netcom.com/~wandaron/world2.html
This site contains an extensive look (with lots of links to other web sites) at the rise of civilizations and states in different regions of the world.

Places of Peace and Power
http://www.sacredsites.com/
Quote: "Martin Gray is an anthropologist and photographer specializing in the study of sacred sites and pilgrimage traditions around the world. Traveling as a pilgrim, Martin spent twenty years, visiting and photographing over 1000 sacred sites in eighty countries." Martin Gray's amazing photographs of the sacred sites of the world include many archaeological sites from early cities.

Riddle of Great Zimbabwe
http://www.archaeology.org/9807/abstracts/africa.html
An article about Great Zimbabwe by archaeologist Roderick J. McIntosh. Includes photographs.

Djenné, Mali
http://www.sacredsites.com/africa/djenne.html
Quote: "Djenné, the oldest known city in sub-Saharan Africa is situated on the floodlands of the Niger and Bani rivers, 354 kilometers (220 miles) southwest of Timbuktu. Founded by merchants around 800 AD (near the site of an older city dating from 250BC), Djenné flourished as a meeting place for traders from the deserts of Sudan and the tropical forests of Guinea."

Persepolis and Ancient Iran
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI.html
Website of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago about an expedition to the ancient Persian city of Persepolis.

Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change
http://www.indiana.edu/~act/home.htm
Website of Indiana University's ACT, directed by Emilio F. Moran, including lots of information about Amazonia.

Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus
http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/First_Cities/firstcities_main.htm
Quote: "This Web feature is designed to complement "Art of the First Cities," [which was] on view at the Metropolitan Museum through August 17, 2003. The landmark exhibition surveys the flourishing of the world's earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia and surrounding regions—stretching from the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean across Iran and Central Asia to the Indus Valley—during one of the most seminal and creative periods in history."

Beer Brewing Paralleled the Rise of Civilizations
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/04/0424_kurtbeer.html
National Geographic News article about the origins of beer making.

Links to more information about the origin of New World civilizations

1492: An Ongoing Voyage
http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/1492.exhibit/Intro.html
Website of a museum exhibit about the impact of Columbus on the New World, from the U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Indiana University Underwater Science Program: Dominican Republic Research
http://www.indiana.edu/~r317doc/dr/index.html
Quote: "Indiana University's Underwater Science program is involved in on-going investigations in the Dominican Republic. The research includes not only underwater archaeology, but also land-based archaeology and water quality analysis. Through the combined efforts of numerous Dominican Republic organizations, university departments, professors, students, and other individuals, the Underwater Science program hopes to bring to light some exciting new discoveries regarding the impact of Columbus's arrival in the New World."

Kent, Washington School District Page on Ancient New World Civilizations
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/SB/Ancient/SB_Ancient_Civilizations.html
These are a series of reports written by students, but the data is accurate and gives a good, brief overview of a number of civilizations such as the Maya, Inca, Aztec, Moche, and Chavin.

Maya Archaeology
http://maya-archaeology.org/
This is a good site if you want to learn about Maya archaeology. There is not only ample text information, but also maps and photographs

Maya
http://www.civilization.ca/civil/maya/mminteng.html
The Canadian Museum of Civilization has organized an informative web site that is easy to use and full of useful information on the history and spread of the Maya civilization.

Cahokia
http://www.siue.edu/CAHOKIAMOUNDS/
The Southern University of Illinois at Edwardsville has compiled an informative look at the largest per-European Contact city in North America. This web site has useful text, photographs, maps and a virtual tour of the mounds.

Terra Preta
http://www.geo.uni-bayreuth.de/bodenkunde/terra_preta/
A website devoted to the anthropogenic soil, terra preta, discussed in "1491."

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